functions-bindings-cosmosdb-v2-output.md

title	description	ms.topic	ms.date	ms.devlang	ms.custom	zone_pivot_groups
Azure Cosmos DB output binding for Functions 2.x and higher	Learn to use the Azure Cosmos DB output binding in Azure Functions.	reference	03/04/2022	csharp, java, javascript, powershell, python	devx-track-csharp, devx-track-python	programming-languages-set-functions-lang-workers

Azure Cosmos DB output binding for Azure Functions 2.x and higher

The Azure Cosmos DB output binding lets you write a new document to an Azure Cosmos DB database using the SQL API.

For information on setup and configuration details, see the overview.

Example

Unless otherwise noted, examples in this article target version 3.x of the Azure Cosmos DB extension. For use with extension version 4.x, you need to replace the string collection in property and attribute names with container.

::: zone pivot="programming-language-csharp"

In-process

This section contains the following examples:

• Queue trigger, write one doc
• Queue trigger, write one doc (v4 extension)
• Queue trigger, write docs using IAsyncCollector

The examples refer to a simple ToDoItem type:

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public class ToDoItem
    {
        public string id { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
    }
}

Queue trigger, write one doc

The following example shows a C# function that adds a document to a database, using data provided in message from Queue storage.

using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class WriteOneDoc
    {
        [FunctionName("WriteOneDoc")]
        public static void Run(
            [QueueTrigger("todoqueueforwrite")] string queueMessage,
            [CosmosDB(
                databaseName: "ToDoItems",
                collectionName: "Items",
                ConnectionStringSetting = "CosmosDBConnection")]out dynamic document,
            ILogger log)
        {
            document = new { Description = queueMessage, id = Guid.NewGuid() };

            log.LogInformation($"C# Queue trigger function inserted one row");
            log.LogInformation($"Description={queueMessage}");
        }
    }
}

Queue trigger, write one doc (v4 extension)

Apps using Cosmos DB extension version 4.x or higher will have different attribute properties which are shown below. The following example shows a C# function that adds a document to a database, using data provided in message from Queue storage.

using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class WriteOneDoc
    {
        [FunctionName("WriteOneDoc")]
        public static void Run(
            [QueueTrigger("todoqueueforwrite")] string queueMessage,
            [CosmosDB(
                databaseName: "ToDoItems",
                containerName: "Items",
                Connection = "CosmosDBConnection")]out dynamic document,
            ILogger log)
        {
            document = new { Description = queueMessage, id = Guid.NewGuid() };

            log.LogInformation($"C# Queue trigger function inserted one row");
            log.LogInformation($"Description={queueMessage}");
        }
    }
}

Queue trigger, write docs using IAsyncCollector

The following example shows a C# function that adds a collection of documents to a database, using data provided in a queue message JSON.

using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class WriteDocsIAsyncCollector
    {
        [FunctionName("WriteDocsIAsyncCollector")]
        public static async Task Run(
            [QueueTrigger("todoqueueforwritemulti")] ToDoItem[] toDoItemsIn,
            [CosmosDB(
                databaseName: "ToDoItems",
                collectionName: "Items",
                ConnectionStringSetting = "CosmosDBConnection")]
                IAsyncCollector<ToDoItem> toDoItemsOut,
            ILogger log)
        {
            log.LogInformation($"C# Queue trigger function processed {toDoItemsIn?.Length} items");

            foreach (ToDoItem toDoItem in toDoItemsIn)
            {
                log.LogInformation($"Description={toDoItem.Description}");
                await toDoItemsOut.AddAsync(toDoItem);
            }
        }
    }
}

[!INCLUDE functions-bindings-csharp-intro]

Isolated process

The following code defines a MyDocument type:

:::code language="csharp" source="~/azure-functions-dotnet-worker/samples/Extensions/CosmosDB/CosmosDBFunction.cs" range="37-46":::

In the following example, the return type is an IReadOnlyList<T>, which is a modified list of documents from trigger binding parameter:

:::code language="csharp" source="~/azure-functions-dotnet-worker/samples/Extensions/CosmosDB/CosmosDBFunction.cs" range="4-35":::

C# Script

This section contains the following examples:

• Queue trigger, write one doc
• Queue trigger, write docs using IAsyncCollector

Queue trigger, write one doc

The following example shows an Azure Cosmos DB output binding in a function.json file and a C# script function that uses the binding. The function uses a queue input binding for a queue that receives JSON in the following format:

{
    "name": "John Henry",
    "employeeId": "123456",
    "address": "A town nearby"
}

The function creates Azure Cosmos DB documents in the following format for each record:

{
    "id": "John Henry-123456",
    "name": "John Henry",
    "employeeId": "123456",
    "address": "A town nearby"
}

Here's the binding data in the function.json file:

{
    "name": "employeeDocument",
    "type": "cosmosDB",
    "databaseName": "MyDatabase",
    "collectionName": "MyCollection",
    "createIfNotExists": true,
    "connectionStringSetting": "MyAccount_COSMOSDB",
    "direction": "out"
}

The configuration section explains these properties.

Here's the C# script code:

    #r "Newtonsoft.Json"

    using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
    using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

    public static void Run(string myQueueItem, out object employeeDocument, ILogger log)
    {
      log.LogInformation($"C# Queue trigger function processed: {myQueueItem}");

      dynamic employee = JObject.Parse(myQueueItem);

      employeeDocument = new {
        id = employee.name + "-" + employee.employeeId,
        name = employee.name,
        employeeId = employee.employeeId,
        address = employee.address
      };
    }

Queue trigger, write docs using IAsyncCollector

To create multiple documents, you can bind to ICollector<T> or IAsyncCollector<T> where T is one of the supported types.

This example refers to a simple ToDoItem type:

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public class ToDoItem
    {
        public string id { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
    }
}

Here's the function.json file:

{
  "bindings": [
    {
      "name": "toDoItemsIn",
      "type": "queueTrigger",
      "direction": "in",
      "queueName": "todoqueueforwritemulti",
      "connectionStringSetting": "AzureWebJobsStorage"
    },
    {
      "type": "cosmosDB",
      "name": "toDoItemsOut",
      "databaseName": "ToDoItems",
      "collectionName": "Items",
      "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection",
      "direction": "out"
    }
  ],
  "disabled": false
}

Here's the C# script code:

using System;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

public static async Task Run(ToDoItem[] toDoItemsIn, IAsyncCollector<ToDoItem> toDoItemsOut, ILogger log)
{
    log.LogInformation($"C# Queue trigger function processed {toDoItemsIn?.Length} items");

    foreach (ToDoItem toDoItem in toDoItemsIn)
    {
        log.LogInformation($"Description={toDoItem.Description}");
        await toDoItemsOut.AddAsync(toDoItem);
    }
}

---

::: zone-end ::: zone pivot="programming-language-java"

• Queue trigger, save message to database via return value
• HTTP trigger, save one document to database via return value
• HTTP trigger, save one document to database via OutputBinding
• HTTP trigger, save multiple documents to database via OutputBinding

Queue trigger, save message to database via return value

The following example shows a Java function that adds a document to a database with data from a message in Queue storage.

@FunctionName("getItem")
@CosmosDBOutput(name = "database",
  databaseName = "ToDoList",
  collectionName = "Items",
  connectionStringSetting = "AzureCosmosDBConnection")
public String cosmosDbQueryById(
    @QueueTrigger(name = "msg",
      queueName = "myqueue-items",
      connection = "AzureWebJobsStorage")
    String message,
    final ExecutionContext context)  {
     return "{ id: \"" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "\", Description: " + message + " }";
   }

HTTP trigger, save one document to database via return value

The following example shows a Java function whose signature is annotated with @CosmosDBOutput and has return value of type String. The JSON document returned by the function will be automatically written to the corresponding CosmosDB collection.

    @FunctionName("WriteOneDoc")
    @CosmosDBOutput(name = "database",
      databaseName = "ToDoList",
      collectionName = "Items",
      connectionStringSetting = "Cosmos_DB_Connection_String")
    public String run(
            @HttpTrigger(name = "req",
              methods = {HttpMethod.GET, HttpMethod.POST},
              authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS)
            HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
            final ExecutionContext context) {

        // Item list
        context.getLogger().info("Parameters are: " + request.getQueryParameters());

        // Parse query parameter
        String query = request.getQueryParameters().get("desc");
        String name = request.getBody().orElse(query);

        // Generate random ID
        final int id = Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());

        // Generate document
        final String jsonDocument = "{\"id\":\"" + id + "\", " +
                                    "\"description\": \"" + name + "\"}";

        context.getLogger().info("Document to be saved: " + jsonDocument);

        return jsonDocument;
    }

HTTP trigger, save one document to database via OutputBinding

The following example shows a Java function that writes a document to CosmosDB via an OutputBinding<T> output parameter. In this example, the outputItem parameter needs to be annotated with @CosmosDBOutput, not the function signature. Using OutputBinding<T> lets your function take advantage of the binding to write the document to CosmosDB while also allowing returning a different value to the function caller, such as a JSON or XML document.

    @FunctionName("WriteOneDocOutputBinding")
    public HttpResponseMessage run(
            @HttpTrigger(name = "req",
              methods = {HttpMethod.GET, HttpMethod.POST},
              authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS)
            HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
            @CosmosDBOutput(name = "database",
              databaseName = "ToDoList",
              collectionName = "Items",
              connectionStringSetting = "Cosmos_DB_Connection_String")
            OutputBinding<String> outputItem,
            final ExecutionContext context) {

        // Parse query parameter
        String query = request.getQueryParameters().get("desc");
        String name = request.getBody().orElse(query);

        // Item list
        context.getLogger().info("Parameters are: " + request.getQueryParameters());

        // Generate random ID
        final int id = Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());

        // Generate document
        final String jsonDocument = "{\"id\":\"" + id + "\", " +
                                    "\"description\": \"" + name + "\"}";

        context.getLogger().info("Document to be saved: " + jsonDocument);

        // Set outputItem's value to the JSON document to be saved
        outputItem.setValue(jsonDocument);

        // return a different document to the browser or calling client.
        return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK)
                      .body("Document created successfully.")
                      .build();
    }

HTTP trigger, save multiple documents to database via OutputBinding

The following example shows a Java function that writes multiple documents to CosmosDB via an OutputBinding<T> output parameter. In this example, the outputItem parameter is annotated with @CosmosDBOutput, not the function signature. The output parameter, outputItem has a list of ToDoItem objects as its template parameter type. Using OutputBinding<T> lets your function take advantage of the binding to write the documents to CosmosDB while also allowing returning a different value to the function caller, such as a JSON or XML document.

    @FunctionName("WriteMultipleDocsOutputBinding")
    public HttpResponseMessage run(
            @HttpTrigger(name = "req",
              methods = {HttpMethod.GET, HttpMethod.POST},
              authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS)
            HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
            @CosmosDBOutput(name = "database",
              databaseName = "ToDoList",
              collectionName = "Items",
              connectionStringSetting = "Cosmos_DB_Connection_String")
            OutputBinding<List<ToDoItem>> outputItem,
            final ExecutionContext context) {

        // Parse query parameter
        String query = request.getQueryParameters().get("desc");
        String name = request.getBody().orElse(query);

        // Item list
        context.getLogger().info("Parameters are: " + request.getQueryParameters());

        // Generate documents
        List<ToDoItem> items = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
          // Generate random ID
          final int id = Math.abs(new Random().nextInt());

          // Create ToDoItem
          ToDoItem item = new ToDoItem(String.valueOf(id), name);

          items.add(item);
        }

        // Set outputItem's value to the list of POJOs to be saved
        outputItem.setValue(items);
        context.getLogger().info("Document to be saved: " + items);

        // return a different document to the browser or calling client.
        return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK)
                      .body("Documents created successfully.")
                      .build();
    }

In the Java functions runtime library, use the @CosmosDBOutput annotation on parameters that will be written to Cosmos DB. The annotation parameter type should be OutputBinding<T>, where T is either a native Java type or a POJO.

::: zone-end
::: zone pivot="programming-language-javascript"

The following example shows an Azure Cosmos DB output binding in a function.json file and a JavaScript function that uses the binding. The function uses a queue input binding for a queue that receives JSON in the following format:

{
    "name": "John Henry",
    "employeeId": "123456",
    "address": "A town nearby"
}

The function creates Azure Cosmos DB documents in the following format for each record:

{
    "id": "John Henry-123456",
    "name": "John Henry",
    "employeeId": "123456",
    "address": "A town nearby"
}

Here's the binding data in the function.json file:

{
    "name": "employeeDocument",
    "type": "cosmosDB",
    "databaseName": "MyDatabase",
    "collectionName": "MyCollection",
    "createIfNotExists": true,
    "connectionStringSetting": "MyAccount_COSMOSDB",
    "direction": "out"
}

The configuration section explains these properties.

Here's the JavaScript code:

    module.exports = async function (context) {

      context.bindings.employeeDocument = JSON.stringify({
        id: context.bindings.myQueueItem.name + "-" + context.bindings.myQueueItem.employeeId,
        name: context.bindings.myQueueItem.name,
        employeeId: context.bindings.myQueueItem.employeeId,
        address: context.bindings.myQueueItem.address
      });
    };

For bulk insert form the objects first and then run the stringify function. Here's the JavaScript code:

    module.exports = async function (context) {
    
        context.bindings.employeeDocument = JSON.stringify([
        {
            "id": "John Henry-123456",
            "name": "John Henry",
            "employeeId": "123456",
            "address": "A town nearby"
        },
        {
            "id": "John Doe-123457",
            "name": "John Doe",
            "employeeId": "123457",
            "address": "A town far away"
        }]);
    };

::: zone-end
::: zone pivot="programming-language-powershell"

The following example show how to write data to Cosmos DB using an output binding. The binding is declared in the function's configuration file (functions.json), and take data from a queue message and writes out to a Cosmos DB document.

{ 
  "name": "EmployeeDocument",
  "type": "cosmosDB",
  "databaseName": "MyDatabase",
  "collectionName": "MyCollection",
  "createIfNotExists": true,
  "connectionStringSetting": "MyStorageConnectionAppSetting",
  "direction": "out" 
} 

In the run.ps1 file, the object returned from the function is mapped to an EmployeeDocument object, which is persisted in the database.

param($QueueItem, $TriggerMetadata) 

Push-OutputBinding -Name EmployeeDocument -Value @{ 
    id = $QueueItem.name + '-' + $QueueItem.employeeId 
    name = $QueueItem.name 
    employeeId = $QueueItem.employeeId 
    address = $QueueItem.address 
} 

::: zone-end
::: zone pivot="programming-language-python"

The following example demonstrates how to write a document to an Azure Cosmos DB database as the output of a function.

The binding definition is defined in function.json where type is set to cosmosDB.

{
  "scriptFile": "__init__.py",
  "bindings": [
    {
      "authLevel": "function",
      "type": "httpTrigger",
      "direction": "in",
      "name": "req",
      "methods": [
        "get",
        "post"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "cosmosDB",
      "direction": "out",
      "name": "doc",
      "databaseName": "demodb",
      "collectionName": "data",
      "createIfNotExists": "true",
      "connectionStringSetting": "AzureCosmosDBConnectionString"
    },
    {
      "type": "http",
      "direction": "out",
      "name": "$return"
    }
  ]
}

To write to the database, pass a document object to the set method of the database parameter.

import azure.functions as func

def main(req: func.HttpRequest, doc: func.Out[func.Document]) -> func.HttpResponse:

    request_body = req.get_body()

    doc.set(func.Document.from_json(request_body))

    return 'OK'

::: zone-end ::: zone pivot="programming-language-csharp"

Attributes

Both in-process and isolated process C# libraries use attributes to define the function. C# script instead uses a function.json configuration file.

Functions 2.x+

[!INCLUDE functions-cosmosdb-output-attributes-v3]

Extension 4.x+ (preview)

[!INCLUDE functions-cosmosdb-output-attributes-v4]

Functions 2.x+

[!INCLUDE functions-cosmosdb-output-attributes-v3]

Extension 4.x+ (preview)

[!INCLUDE functions-cosmosdb-output-attributes-v4]

Functions 2.x+

[!INCLUDE functions-cosmosdb-output-settings-v3]

Extension 4.x+ (preview)

[!INCLUDE functions-cosmosdb-output-settings-v4]

---

::: zone-end
::: zone pivot="programming-language-java"

Annotations

From the Java functions runtime library, use the @CosmosDBOutput annotation on parameters that write to Azure Cosmos DB. The annotation supports the following properties:

• name
• connectionStringSetting
• databaseName
• collectionName
• createIfNotExists
• dataType
• partitionKey
• preferredLocations
• useMultipleWriteLocations

::: zone-end
::: zone pivot="programming-language-javascript,programming-language-powershell,programming-language-python"

Configuration

The following table explains the binding configuration properties that you set in the function.json file, where properties differ by extension version:

Functions 2.x+

[!INCLUDE functions-cosmosdb-settings-v3]

Extension 4.x+ (preview)

[!INCLUDE functions-cosmosdb-settings-v4]

---

::: zone-end
See the Example section for complete examples.

Usage

By default, when you write to the output parameter in your function, a document is created in your database. This document has an automatically generated GUID as the document ID. You can specify the document ID of the output document by specifying the id property in the JSON object passed to the output parameter.

Note

When you specify the ID of an existing document, it gets overwritten by the new output document.

[!INCLUDE functions-cosmosdb-connections]

Exceptions and return codes

Binding	Reference
CosmosDB	CosmosDB Error Codes

Next steps

• Run a function when an Azure Cosmos DB document is created or modified (Trigger)
• Read an Azure Cosmos DB document (Input binding)