Refactor catalogsource reconcile e2e test to a unit test

In order to keep the e2e test suite focused purely on the essentials, refactor the catalog reconcile test into a set of unit tests checking for whether operator-controller reconciles correctly on:
- catalog creation
- catalog update
- catalog delete

See: https://github.com/operator-framework/operator-controller/pull/216/files#r1199511183