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‎articles/azure-cache-for-redis/cache-how-to-zone-redundancy.md

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# Enable zone redundancy for Azure Cache for Redis (Preview)
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In this article, you'll learn how to configure a zone-redundant Azure Cache instance using the Azure portal.
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Azure Cache for Redis Standard, Premium, and Enterprise tiers provide built-in redundancy by hosting each cache on two dedicated virtual machines (VMs). Even though these VMs are located in separate [Azure fault and update domains](../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md) and highly available, they're susceptible to datacenter level failures. Azure Cache for Redis also supports zone redundancy in its Premium and Enterprise tiers. A zone-redundant cache runs on VMs spread across multiple [availability zones](../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md#use-availability-zones-to-protect-from-datacenter-level-failures). It provides higher resilience and availability.
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Azure Cache for Redis Standard, Premium, and Enterprise tiers provide built-in redundancy by hosting each cache on two dedicated virtual machines (VMs). Even though these VMs are located in separate [Azure fault and update domains](../virtual-machines/availability.md) and highly available, they're susceptible to datacenter level failures. Azure Cache for Redis also supports zone redundancy in its Premium and Enterprise tiers. A zone-redundant cache runs on VMs spread across multiple [availability zones](../virtual-machines/availability.md#use-availability-zones-to-protect-from-datacenter-level-failures). It provides higher resilience and availability.
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## Prerequisites
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* Azure subscription - [create one for free](https://azure.microsoft.com/free/)

‎articles/azure-glossary-cloud-terminology.md

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## availability set
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A collection of virtual machines that are managed together to provide application redundancy and reliability. The use of an availability set ensures that during either a planned or unplanned maintenance event at least one virtual machine is available.
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See [Manage the availability of Windows virtual machines](./virtual-machines/manage-availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2fwindows%2ftoc.json) and [Manage the availability of Linux virtual machines](./virtual-machines/manage-availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2flinux%2ftoc.json)
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See [Manage the availability of Windows virtual machines](./virtual-machines/availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2fwindows%2ftoc.json) and [Manage the availability of Linux virtual machines](./virtual-machines/availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2flinux%2ftoc.json)
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## <a name="classic-model"></a>Azure classic deployment model
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One of two [deployment models](./azure-resource-manager/management/deployment-models.md) used to deploy resources in Azure (the new model is Azure Resource Manager). Some Azure services support only the Resource Manager deployment model, some support only the classic deployment model, and some support both. The documentation for each Azure service specifies which model(s) they support.
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## fault domain
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The collection of virtual machines in an availability set that can possibly fail at the same time. An example is a group of machines in a rack that share a common power source and network switch. In Azure, the virtual machines in an availability set are automatically separated across multiple fault domains.
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See [Manage the availability of Windows virtual machines](./virtual-machines/manage-availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2fwindows%2ftoc.json) or [Manage the availability of Linux virtual machines](./virtual-machines/manage-availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2flinux%2ftoc.json)
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See [Manage the availability of Windows virtual machines](./virtual-machines/availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2fwindows%2ftoc.json) or [Manage the availability of Linux virtual machines](./virtual-machines/availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2flinux%2ftoc.json)
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## geo
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A defined boundary for data residency that typically contains two or more regions. The boundaries may be within or beyond national borders and are influenced by tax regulation. Every geo has at least one region. Examples of geos are Asia Pacific and Japan. Also called *geography*.
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## update domain
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The collection of virtual machines in an availability set that are updated at the same time. Virtual machines in the same update domain are restarted together during planned maintenance. Azure never restarts more than one update domain at a time. Also referred to as an upgrade domain.
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See [Manage the availability of Windows virtual machines](./virtual-machines/manage-availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2fwindows%2ftoc.json) and [Manage the availability of Linux virtual machines](./virtual-machines/manage-availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2flinux%2ftoc.json)
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See [Manage the availability of Windows virtual machines](./virtual-machines/availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2fwindows%2ftoc.json) and [Manage the availability of Linux virtual machines](./virtual-machines/availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2flinux%2ftoc.json)
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## <a name="vm"></a>virtual machine
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The software implementation of a physical computer that runs an operating system. Multiple virtual machines can run simultaneously on the same hardware. In Azure, virtual machines are available in a variety of sizes.

‎articles/azure-monitor/agents/gateway.md

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To learn how to design and deploy an Azure Load Balancer, see [What is Azure Load Balancer?](../../load-balancer/load-balancer-overview.md). To deploy a basic load balancer, follow the steps outlined in this [quickstart](../../load-balancer/quickstart-load-balancer-standard-public-portal.md) excluding the steps outlined in the section **Create back-end servers**.
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> [!NOTE]
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> Configuring the Azure Load Balancer using the **Basic SKU**, requires that Azure virtual machines belong to an Availability Set. To learn more about availability sets, see [Manage the availability of Windows virtual machines in Azure](../../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md). To add existing virtual machines to an availability set, refer to [Set Azure Resource Manager VM Availability Set](https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/Set-Azure-Resource-Manager-f7509ec4).
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> Configuring the Azure Load Balancer using the **Basic SKU**, requires that Azure virtual machines belong to an Availability Set. To learn more about availability sets, see [Manage the availability of Windows virtual machines in Azure](../../virtual-machines/availability.md). To add existing virtual machines to an availability set, refer to [Set Azure Resource Manager VM Availability Set](https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/Set-Azure-Resource-Manager-f7509ec4).
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>
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After the load balancer is created, a backend pool needs to be created, which distributes traffic to one or more gateway servers. Follow the steps described in the quickstart article section [Create resources for the load balancer](../../load-balancer/quickstart-load-balancer-standard-public-portal.md).

‎articles/azure-sql/virtual-machines/windows/business-continuity-high-availability-disaster-recovery-hadr-overview.md

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### High-availability nodes in an availability set
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Availability sets in Azure enable you to place the high-availability nodes into separate fault domains and update domains. The Azure platform assigns an update domain and a fault domain to each virtual machine in your availability set. This configuration within a datacenter ensures that during either a planned or unplanned maintenance event, at least one virtual machine is available and meets the Azure SLA of 99.95 percent.
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To configure a high-availability setup, place all participating SQL Server virtual machines in the same availability set to avoid application or data loss during a maintenance event. Only nodes in the same cloud service can participate in the same availability set. For more information, see [Manage the availability of virtual machines](../../../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2fwindows%2ftoc.json).
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To configure a high-availability setup, place all participating SQL Server virtual machines in the same availability set to avoid application or data loss during a maintenance event. Only nodes in the same cloud service can participate in the same availability set. For more information, see [Manage the availability of virtual machines](../../../virtual-machines/availability.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-machines%2fwindows%2ftoc.json).
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### High-availability nodes in an availability zone
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Availability zones are unique physical locations within an Azure region. Each zone consists of one or more datacenters equipped with independent power, cooling, and networking. The physical separation of availability zones within a region helps protect applications and data from datacenter failures by ensuring that at least one virtual machine is available and meets the Azure SLA of 99.99 percent.

‎articles/cloud-services-extended-support/schema-csdef-file.md

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| name |Required. The name of the service. The name must be unique within the service account.|
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| topologyChangeDiscovery | Optional. Specifies the type of topology change notification. Possible values are:<br /><br /> - `Blast` - Sends the update as soon as possible to all role instances. If you choose option, the role should be able to handle the topology update without being restarted.<br />- `UpgradeDomainWalk` – Sends the update to each role instance in a sequential manner after the previous instance has successfully accepted the update.|
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| schemaVersion | Optional. Specifies the version of the service definition schema. The schema version allows Visual Studio to select the correct SDK tools to use for schema validation if more than one version of the SDK is installed side-by-side.|
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| upgradeDomainCount | Optional. Specifies the number of upgrade domains across which roles in this service are allocated. Role instances are allocated to an upgrade domain when the service is deployed. For more information, see [Update a Cloud Service role or deployment](sample-update-cloud-service.md) and [Manage the availability of virtual machines](../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md) You can specify up to 20 upgrade domains. If not specified, the default number of upgrade domains is 5.|
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| upgradeDomainCount | Optional. Specifies the number of upgrade domains across which roles in this service are allocated. Role instances are allocated to an upgrade domain when the service is deployed. For more information, see [Update a Cloud Service role or deployment](sample-update-cloud-service.md) and [Manage the availability of virtual machines](../virtual-machines/availability.md) You can specify up to 20 upgrade domains. If not specified, the default number of upgrade domains is 5.|
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## See also
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‎articles/cloud-services/schema-csdef-file.md

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| name |Required. The name of the service. The name must be unique within the service account.|
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| topologyChangeDiscovery | Optional. Specifies the type of topology change notification. Possible values are:<br /><br /> - `Blast` - Sends the update as soon as possible to all role instances. If you choose option, the role should be able to handle the topology update without being restarted.<br />- `UpgradeDomainWalk` – Sends the update to each role instance in a sequential manner after the previous instance has successfully accepted the update.|
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| schemaVersion | Optional. Specifies the version of the service definition schema. The schema version allows Visual Studio to select the correct SDK tools to use for schema validation if more than one version of the SDK is installed side-by-side.|
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| upgradeDomainCount | Optional. Specifies the number of upgrade domains across which roles in this service are allocated. Role instances are allocated to an upgrade domain when the service is deployed. For more information, see [Update a cloud service role or deployment](cloud-services-how-to-manage-portal.md#update-a-cloud-service-role-or-deployment), [Manage the availability of virtual machines](../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md) and [What is a Cloud Service Model](./cloud-services-model-and-package.md).<br /><br /> You can specify up to 20 upgrade domains. If not specified, the default number of upgrade domains is 5.|
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| upgradeDomainCount | Optional. Specifies the number of upgrade domains across which roles in this service are allocated. Role instances are allocated to an upgrade domain when the service is deployed. For more information, see [Update a cloud service role or deployment](cloud-services-how-to-manage-portal.md#update-a-cloud-service-role-or-deployment), [Manage the availability of virtual machines](../virtual-machines/availability.md) and [What is a Cloud Service Model](./cloud-services-model-and-package.md).<br /><br /> You can specify up to 20 upgrade domains. If not specified, the default number of upgrade domains is 5.|

‎articles/confidential-computing/virtual-machine-solutions.md

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When using virtual machines in Azure, you're responsible for implementing a high availability and disaster recovery solution to avoid any downtime.
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Azure confidential computing doesn't support zone-redundancy via Availability Zones at this time. For the highest availability and redundancy for confidential computing, use [Availability Sets](../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md#configure-multiple-virtual-machines-in-an-availability-set-for-redundancy). Because of hardware restrictions, Availability Sets for confidential computing instances can only have a maximum of 10 update domains.
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Azure confidential computing doesn't support zone-redundancy via Availability Zones at this time. For the highest availability and redundancy for confidential computing, use [Availability Sets](../virtual-machines/availability.md#configure-multiple-virtual-machines-in-an-availability-set-for-redundancy). Because of hardware restrictions, Availability Sets for confidential computing instances can only have a maximum of 10 update domains.
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## Deployment with Azure Resource Manager (ARM) Template
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‎articles/hdinsight/kafka/apache-kafka-get-started.md

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Each Azure region (location) provides _fault domains_. A fault domain is a logical grouping of underlying hardware in an Azure data center. Each fault domain shares a common power source and network switch. The virtual machines and managed disks that implement the nodes within an HDInsight cluster are distributed across these fault domains. This architecture limits the potential impact of physical hardware failures.
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For high availability of data, select a region (location) that contains __three fault domains__. For information on the number of fault domains in a region, see the [Availability of Linux virtual machines](../../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md#use-managed-disks-for-vms-in-an-availability-set) document.
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For high availability of data, select a region (location) that contains __three fault domains__. For information on the number of fault domains in a region, see the [Availability of Linux virtual machines](../../virtual-machines/availability.md#use-managed-disks-for-vms-in-an-availability-set) document.
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Select the **Next: Storage >>** tab to advance to the storage settings.
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* In regions with three fault domains, a replication factor of 3 allows replicas to be spread across the fault domains. In regions with two fault domains, a replication factor of four spreads the replicas evenly across the domains.
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* For information on the number of fault domains in a region, see the [Availability of Linux virtual machines](../../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md#use-managed-disks-for-vms-in-an-availability-set) document.
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* For information on the number of fault domains in a region, see the [Availability of Linux virtual machines](../../virtual-machines/availability.md#use-managed-disks-for-vms-in-an-availability-set) document.
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* Apache Kafka is not aware of Azure fault domains. When creating partition replicas for topics, it may not distribute replicas properly for high availability.
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‎articles/hdinsight/kafka/apache-kafka-quickstart-resource-manager-template.md

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For information on the number of fault domains in a region, see the [Availability of Linux virtual machines](../../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md#use-managed-disks-for-vms-in-an-availability-set) document.
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For information on the number of fault domains in a region, see the [Availability of Linux virtual machines](../../virtual-machines/availability.md#use-managed-disks-for-vms-in-an-availability-set) document.
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Kafka isn't aware of Azure fault domains. When creating partition replicas for topics, it may not distribute replicas properly for high availability.
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‎articles/hdinsight/kafka/kafka-troubleshoot-insufficient-domains.md

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A fault domain is a logical grouping of underlying hardware in an Azure data center. Each fault domain shares a common power source and network switch. The virtual machines and managed disks that implement the nodes within an HDInsight cluster are distributed across these fault domains. This architecture limits the potential impact of physical hardware failures.
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Each Azure region has a specific number of fault domains. For a list of domains and the number of fault domains they contain, refer to documentation on [Availability Sets](../../virtual-machines/manage-availability.md).
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Each Azure region has a specific number of fault domains. For a list of domains and the number of fault domains they contain, refer to documentation on [Availability Sets](../../virtual-machines/availability.md).
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In HDInsight, Kafka clusters are required to be provisioned in a region with at least three Fault domains.
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