diff --git a/news/12680.bugfix.rst b/news/12680.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fa821f9f339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/12680.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Perform hash comparisons in a case-insensitive manner.
diff --git a/src/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py b/src/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
index c073b09dd98..535e94fca0c 100644
--- a/src/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
+++ b/src/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def __init__(self, hashes: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None) -> None:
         if hashes is not None:
             for alg, keys in hashes.items():
                 # Make sure values are always sorted (to ease equality checks)
-                allowed[alg] = sorted(keys)
+                allowed[alg] = [k.lower() for k in sorted(keys)]
         self._allowed = allowed
 
     def __and__(self, other: "Hashes") -> "Hashes":
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_download.py b/tests/functional/test_download.py
index 555a1163f42..450690c1675 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_download.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_download.py
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ def test_incorrect_metadata_hash(
     )
     assert result.returncode != 0
     expected_msg = f"""\
-        Expected sha256 WRONG-HASH
+        Expected sha256 wrong-hash
              Got        {real_hash}"""
     assert expected_msg in result.stderr
 
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_install.py b/tests/functional/test_install.py
index eaea12a163c..4aa6e76f7db 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_install.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_install.py
@@ -619,6 +619,18 @@ def test_hashed_install_failure(script: PipTestEnvironment, tmpdir: Path) -> Non
     assert len(result.files_created) == 0
 
 
+def test_case_insensitive_hashed_install_success(
+    script: PipTestEnvironment, tmpdir: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Test that hashes that differ only by case don't halt installation."""
+    with requirements_file(
+        "simple2==1.0 --hash=sha256:9336AF72CA661E6336EB87BC7DE3E8844D853E"
+        "3848C2B9BBD2E8BF01DB88C2C7\n",
+        tmpdir,
+    ) as reqs_file:
+        script.pip_install_local("-r", reqs_file.resolve())
+
+
 def test_link_hash_pass_require_hashes(
     script: PipTestEnvironment, shared_data: TestData
 ) -> None: