build.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates <open-source-office@arm.com>
# Licensed under the MIT License.
from __future__ import annotations

import argparse
import contextlib
import json
import os
import platform
import re
import shlex
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
import warnings
from pathlib import Path


def version_to_tuple(version: str) -> tuple:
    v = []
    for s in version.split("."):
        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
            v.append(int(s))
    return tuple(v)


SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
REPO_DIR = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "..", ".."))

sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(REPO_DIR, "tools", "python"))


import util.android as android  # noqa: E402
from util import get_logger, is_linux, is_macOS, is_windows, run  # noqa: E402

log = get_logger("build")


class BaseError(Exception):
    """Base class for errors originating from build.py."""


class BuildError(BaseError):
    """Error from running build steps."""

    def __init__(self, *messages):
        super().__init__("\n".join(messages))


class UsageError(BaseError):
    """Usage related error."""

    def __init__(self, message):
        super().__init__(message)


def _check_python_version():
    required_minor_version = 8
    if (sys.version_info.major, sys.version_info.minor) < (3, required_minor_version):
        raise UsageError(
            f"Invalid Python version. At least Python 3.{required_minor_version} is required. "
            f"Actual Python version: {sys.version}"
        )


def _str_to_bool(s):
    """Convert string to bool (in argparse context)."""
    if s.lower() not in ["true", "false"]:
        raise ValueError(f"Need bool; got {s!r}")
    return {"true": True, "false": False}[s.lower()]


_check_python_version()


def _openvino_verify_device_type(device_read):
    choices = ["CPU", "GPU", "NPU"]

    choices1 = [
        "CPU_NO_PARTITION",
        "GPU_NO_PARTITION",
        "NPU_NO_PARTITION",
        "NPU_NO_CPU_FALLBACK",
    ]
    status_hetero = True
    res = False
    if device_read in choices:
        res = True
    elif device_read in choices1:
        res = True
    elif device_read.startswith(("HETERO:", "MULTI:", "AUTO:")):
        res = True
        comma_separated_devices = device_read.split(":")
        comma_separated_devices = comma_separated_devices[1].split(",")
        if len(comma_separated_devices) < 2:
            print("At least two devices required in Hetero/Multi/Auto Mode")
            status_hetero = False
        dev_options = ["CPU", "GPU", "NPU"]
        for dev in comma_separated_devices:
            if dev not in dev_options:
                status_hetero = False
                break

    def invalid_hetero_build():
        print("\nIf trying to build Hetero/Multi/Auto, specify the supported devices along with it.\n")
        print("specify the keyword HETERO or MULTI or AUTO followed by the devices ")
        print("in the order of priority you want to build\n")
        print("The different hardware devices that can be added in HETERO or MULTI or AUTO")
        print("are ['CPU','GPU','NPU'] \n")
        print("An example of how to specify the hetero build type. Ex: HETERO:GPU,CPU \n")
        print("An example of how to specify the MULTI build type. Ex: MULTI:GPU,CPU \n")
        print("An example of how to specify the AUTO build type. Ex: AUTO:GPU,CPU \n")
        sys.exit("Wrong Build Type selected")

    if res is False:
        print("\nYou have selected wrong configuration for the build.")
        print("pick the build type for specific Hardware Device from following options: ", choices)
        print("(or) from the following options with graph partitioning disabled: ", choices1)
        print("\n")
        if not (device_read.startswith(("HETERO", "MULTI", "AUTO"))):
            invalid_hetero_build()
        sys.exit("Wrong Build Type selected")

    if status_hetero is False:
        invalid_hetero_build()

    return device_read


def _qnn_verify_library_kind(library_kind):
    choices = ["shared_lib", "static_lib"]
    if library_kind not in choices:
        print("\nYou have specified an invalid library kind for QNN EP.")
        print(f"The invalid library kind was: {library_kind}")
        print("Provide a library kind from the following options: ", choices)
        print(f"Example: --use_qnn {choices[0]}")
        sys.exit("Incorrect build configuration")
    return library_kind


def parse_arguments():
    class Parser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
        # override argument file line parsing behavior - allow multiple arguments per line and handle quotes
        def convert_arg_line_to_args(self, arg_line):
            return shlex.split(arg_line)

    parser = Parser(
        description="ONNXRuntime CI build driver.",
        usage="""
        Default behavior is --update --build --test for native architecture builds.
        Default behavior is --update --build for cross-compiled builds.

        The Update phase will update git submodules, and run cmake to generate makefiles.
        The Build phase will build all projects.
        The Test phase will run all unit tests, and optionally the ONNX tests.

        Use the individual flags to only run the specified stages.
        """,
        # files containing arguments can be specified on the command line with "@<filename>" and the arguments within
        # will be included at that point
        fromfile_prefix_chars="@",
    )
    # Main arguments
    parser.add_argument("--build_dir", required=True, help="Path to the build directory.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--config",
        nargs="+",
        default=["Debug"],
        choices=["Debug", "MinSizeRel", "Release", "RelWithDebInfo"],
        help="Configuration(s) to build.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--update", action="store_true", help="Update makefiles.")
    parser.add_argument("--build", action="store_true", help="Build.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--clean", action="store_true", help="Run 'cmake --build --target clean' for the selected config/s."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--parallel",
        nargs="?",
        const="0",
        default="1",
        type=int,
        help="Use parallel build. The optional value specifies the maximum number of parallel jobs. "
        "If the optional value is 0 or unspecified, it is interpreted as the number of CPUs.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--nvcc_threads",
        nargs="?",
        default=-1,
        type=int,
        help="Maximum number of NVCC threads in each parallel job."
        "If the value is unspecified, it will be computed based on available memory and number of parallel jobs.",
    )

    parser.add_argument("--test", action="store_true", help="Run unit tests.")
    parser.add_argument("--skip_tests", action="store_true", help="Skip all tests.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--compile_no_warning_as_error",
        action="store_true",
        help="Preventing warnings from being treated as errors on compile.",
    )
    # Training options
    parser.add_argument("--enable_nvtx_profile", action="store_true", help="Enable NVTX profile in ORT.")
    parser.add_argument("--enable_memory_profile", action="store_true", help="Enable memory profile in ORT.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_training",
        action="store_true",
        help="Enable full training functionality in ORT. Includes ORTModule and ORT Training APIs.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--enable_training_apis", action="store_true", help="Enable ort training apis.")
    parser.add_argument("--enable_training_ops", action="store_true", help="Enable training ops in inference graph.")

    parser.add_argument("--enable_nccl", action="store_true", help="Enable Nccl.")
    parser.add_argument("--mpi_home", help="Path to MPI installation dir")
    parser.add_argument("--nccl_home", help="Path to NCCL installation dir")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use_mpi", nargs="?", default=False, const=True, type=_str_to_bool, help="Disabled by default."
    )

    # enable ONNX tests
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_onnx_tests",
        action="store_true",
        help="""When running the Test phase, run onnx_test_running against
        available test data directories.""",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--path_to_protoc_exe", help="Path to protoc exe.")
    parser.add_argument("--fuzz_testing", action="store_true", help="Enable Fuzz testing of the onnxruntime.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_symbolic_shape_infer_tests",
        action="store_true",
        help="""When running the Test phase, run symbolic shape inference against
        available test data directories.""",
    )

    # generate documentation
    parser.add_argument(
        "--gen_doc",
        nargs="?",
        const="yes",
        type=str,
        help="Generate documentation listing standard ONNX operators and types implemented by "
        "various execution providers and contrib operator schemas. Must be used for inference builds, only!"
        "Use `--gen_doc validate` to validate these match the current contents in /docs.",
    )

    parser.add_argument("--gen-api-doc", action="store_true", help="Generate API documentation for PyTorch frontend")

    # CUDA related
    parser.add_argument("--use_cuda", action="store_true", help="Enable CUDA.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--cuda_version", help="The version of CUDA toolkit to use. Auto-detect if not specified. e.g. 9.0"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--cuda_home",
        help="Path to CUDA home."
        "Read from CUDA_HOME environment variable if --use_cuda is true and "
        "--cuda_home is not specified.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--cudnn_home",
        help="Path to CUDNN home. "
        "Read from CUDNN_HOME environment variable if --use_cuda is true and "
        "--cudnn_home is not specified.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--enable_cuda_line_info", action="store_true", help="Enable CUDA line info.")

    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_cuda_nhwc_ops", action="store_true", help="Deprecated; default to enable CUDA NHWC ops in build."
    )

    parser.add_argument("--disable_cuda_nhwc_ops", action="store_true", help="Disable CUDA NHWC ops in build.")
    parser.add_argument("--enable_cuda_minimal_build", action="store_true", help="Enable CUDA minimal build.")

    # Python bindings
    parser.add_argument("--enable_pybind", action="store_true", help="Enable Python Bindings.")
    parser.add_argument("--build_wheel", action="store_true", help="Build Python Wheel.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--wheel_name_suffix",
        help="Suffix to append to created wheel names. This value is currently only used for nightly builds.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--skip-keras-test", action="store_true", help="Skip tests with Keras if keras is installed")

    # C-Sharp bindings
    parser.add_argument(
        "--build_csharp",
        action="store_true",
        help="Build C#.Net DLL and NuGet package. This should be only used in CI pipelines. "
        "For building C# bindings and packaging them into nuget package use --build_nuget arg.",
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "--build_nuget",
        action="store_true",
        help="Build C#.Net DLL and NuGet package on the local machine. "
        "Currently only Windows and Linux platforms are supported.",
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "--msbuild_extra_options",
        nargs="+",
        action="append",
        help="Extra properties to pass to msbuild during build. "
        "These are just msbuild /p: options without the leading /p:.",
    )

    # Java bindings
    parser.add_argument("--build_java", action="store_true", help="Build Java bindings.")

    # Node.js binding
    parser.add_argument("--build_nodejs", action="store_true", help="Build Node.js binding and NPM package.")

    # Objective-C binding
    parser.add_argument("--build_objc", action="store_true", help="Build Objective-C binding.")

    # Build a shared lib
    parser.add_argument("--build_shared_lib", action="store_true", help="Build a shared library for the ONNXRuntime.")

    # Build a shared lib
    parser.add_argument(
        "--build_apple_framework", action="store_true", help="Build a macOS/iOS framework for the ONNXRuntime."
    )

    # Build options
    parser.add_argument(
        "--cmake_extra_defines",
        nargs="+",
        action="append",
        help="Extra definitions to pass to CMake during build system "
        "generation. These are just CMake -D options without the leading -D.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--target", help="Build a specific target, e.g. winml_dll")
    # This flag is needed when :
    # 1. The OS is 64 bits Windows
    # 2. And the target binary is for 32 bits Windows
    # 3. And the python used for running this script is 64 bits.
    # But if you can get a 32 bits python, the build will run better and you won't need this flag.
    parser.add_argument(
        "--x86",
        action="store_true",
        help="[cross-compiling] Create Windows x86 makefiles. Requires --update and no existing cache "
        "CMake setup. Delete CMakeCache.txt if needed",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--rv64",
        action="store_true",
        help="[cross-compiling] Create riscv64 makefiles. Requires --update and no existing cache "
        "CMake setup. Delete CMakeCache.txt if needed",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--arm",
        action="store_true",
        help="[cross-compiling] Create ARM makefiles. Requires --update and no existing cache "
        "CMake setup. Delete CMakeCache.txt if needed",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--arm64",
        action="store_true",
        help="[cross-compiling] Create ARM64 makefiles. Requires --update and no existing cache "
        "CMake setup. Delete CMakeCache.txt if needed",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--arm64ec",
        action="store_true",
        help="[cross-compiling] Create ARM64EC makefiles. Requires --update and no existing cache "
        "CMake setup. Delete CMakeCache.txt if needed",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--buildasx",
        action="store_true",
        help="[cross-compiling] Create ARM64X Binary.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--riscv_toolchain_root",
        type=str,
        default="",
        help="Path to RISC-V toolchain root dir. e.g. --riscv_toolchain_root=$HOME/riscv-tools/",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--riscv_qemu_path",
        type=str,
        default="",
        help="Path to RISC-V qemu. e.g. --riscv_qemu_path=$HOME/qemu-dir/qemu-riscv64",
    )
    # https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/-/issues/25192
    parser.add_argument(
        "--msvc_toolset",
        help="MSVC toolset to use. e.g. 14.11. It doesn't work if the version number is in the range of [14.36, 14.39]",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--windows_sdk_version", help="Windows SDK version to use. e.g. 10.0.19041.0")
    parser.add_argument("--android", action="store_true", help="Build for Android")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--android_abi",
        default="arm64-v8a",
        choices=["armeabi-v7a", "arm64-v8a", "x86", "x86_64"],
        help="Specify the target Android Application Binary Interface (ABI)",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--android_api", type=int, default=27, help="Android API Level, e.g. 21")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--android_sdk_path", type=str, default=os.environ.get("ANDROID_HOME", ""), help="Path to the Android SDK"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--android_ndk_path", type=str, default=os.environ.get("ANDROID_NDK_HOME", ""), help="Path to the Android NDK"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--android_cpp_shared",
        action="store_true",
        help="Build with shared libc++ instead of the default static libc++.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--android_run_emulator", action="store_true", help="Start up an Android emulator if needed.")

    parser.add_argument("--use_gdk", action="store_true", help="Build with the GDK toolchain.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--gdk_edition",
        default=os.path.normpath(os.environ.get("GameDKLatest", "")).split(os.sep)[-1],  # noqa: SIM112
        help="Build with a specific GDK edition. Defaults to the latest installed.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--gdk_platform", default="Scarlett", help="Sets the GDK target platform.")
    parser.add_argument("--enable_wasm_memory64", action="store_true", help="Enable WebAssembly 64bit support")
    platform_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    platform_group.add_argument("--ios", action="store_true", help="build for ios")
    platform_group.add_argument("--visionos", action="store_true", help="build for visionOS")
    platform_group.add_argument(
        "--macos",
        choices=["MacOSX", "Catalyst"],
        help="Specify the target platform for macOS build. Only specify this argument when --build_apple_framework is present.",
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "--apple_sysroot", default="", help="Specify the location name of the macOS platform SDK to be used"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--ios_toolchain_file",
        default="",
        help="Path to ios toolchain file, or cmake/onnxruntime_ios.toolchain.cmake will be used",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--visionos_toolchain_file",
        default="",
        help="Path to visionos toolchain file, or cmake/onnxruntime_visionos.toolchain.cmake will be used",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--xcode_code_signing_team_id", default="", help="The development team ID used for code signing in Xcode"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--xcode_code_signing_identity", default="", help="The development identity used for code signing in Xcode"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use_xcode",
        action="store_const",
        const="Xcode",
        dest="cmake_generator",
        help="Use Xcode as cmake generator, this is only supported on MacOS. (non Catalyst build). Equivalent to '--cmake_generator Xcode'.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--osx_arch",
        default="arm64" if platform.machine() == "arm64" else "x86_64",
        choices=["arm64", "arm64e", "x86_64"],
        help="Specify the Target specific architectures for macOS and iOS, This is only supported on MacOS",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--apple_deploy_target",
        type=str,
        help="Specify the minimum version of the target platform (e.g. macOS or iOS)This is only supported on MacOS",
    )
    # A 32-bit progress doesn't have enough memory to run all the tests in onnxruntime_test_all.
    # Mimalloc is incompatible with address sanitizer.
    # Address sanitizer itself is also a memory leak checker, so when it is enabled we should disable_memleak_checker.
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_address_sanitizer", action="store_true", help="Enable address sanitizer. Windows/Linux/MacOS only."
    )
    # The following flag is mostly designed to be used in ONNX Runtime's Azure DevOps/Github build pipelines. Its main purpose is to make the built binaries pass BinSkim scan.
    parser.add_argument("--use_binskim_compliant_compile_flags", action="store_true", help="Use preset compile flags.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--disable_memleak_checker",
        action="store_true",
        help="Disable memory leak checker from Windows build. By default it is enabled in Windows Debug build. This option is Windows only.",
    )
    # Dependency search with vcpkg
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use_vcpkg",
        action="store_true",
        help="Use vcpkg to search dependencies. Requires CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE for vcpkg.cmake",
    )

    # WebAssembly build
    parser.add_argument("--build_wasm", action="store_true", help="Build for WebAssembly")
    parser.add_argument("--build_wasm_static_lib", action="store_true", help="Build for WebAssembly static library")
    parser.add_argument("--emsdk_version", default="4.0.3", help="Specify version of emsdk")

    parser.add_argument("--enable_wasm_simd", action="store_true", help="Enable WebAssembly SIMD")
    parser.add_argument("--enable_wasm_threads", action="store_true", help="Enable WebAssembly multi-threads support")

    parser.add_argument(
        "--disable_wasm_exception_catching", action="store_true", help="Disable exception catching in WebAssembly."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_wasm_api_exception_catching", action="store_true", help="Catch exceptions at top level api."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_wasm_exception_throwing_override",
        action="store_true",
        help="Enable exception throwing in WebAssembly, this will override default disabling exception throwing "
        "behavior when disable exceptions.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--wasm_run_tests_in_browser", action="store_true", help="Run WebAssembly tests in browser")

    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_wasm_profiling", action="store_true", help="Enable WebAssembly profiling and preserve function names"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_wasm_debug_info", action="store_true", help="Build WebAssembly with DWARF format debug info"
    )

    parser.add_argument("--wasm_malloc", help="Specify memory allocator for WebAssembly")

    parser.add_argument(
        "--emscripten_settings",
        nargs="+",
        action="append",
        help="Extra emscripten settings to pass to emcc using '-s <key>=<value>' during build.",
    )

    # Enable onnxruntime-extensions
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use_extensions",
        action="store_true",
        help="Enable custom operators in onnxruntime-extensions, use git submodule onnxruntime-extensions "
        "in path cmake/external/onnxruntime-extensions by default.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--extensions_overridden_path",
        type=str,
        help="Path to pre-pulled onnxruntime-extensions, will override default onnxruntime-extensions path.",
    )

    # Arguments needed by CI
    parser.add_argument("--cmake_path", default="cmake", help="Path to the CMake program.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--ctest_path",
        default="ctest",
        help="Path to the CTest program. It can be an empty string. If it is empty, "
        "we will use this script driving the test programs directly.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--skip_submodule_sync",
        action="store_true",
        help="Don't do a 'git submodule update'. Makes the Update phase faster.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--use_mimalloc", action="store_true", help="Use mimalloc allocator")
    parser.add_argument("--use_dnnl", action="store_true", help="Build with DNNL.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--dnnl_gpu_runtime", action="store", default="", type=str.lower, help="e.g. --dnnl_gpu_runtime ocl"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--dnnl_opencl_root",
        action="store",
        default="",
        help="Path to OpenCL SDK. "
        'e.g. --dnnl_opencl_root "C:/Program Files (x86)/IntelSWTools/sw_dev_tools/OpenCL/sdk"',
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use_openvino",
        nargs="?",
        const="CPU",
        type=_openvino_verify_device_type,
        help="Build with OpenVINO for specific hardware.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--dnnl_aarch64_runtime", action="store", default="", type=str.lower, help="e.g. --dnnl_aarch64_runtime acl"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--dnnl_acl_root",
        action="store",
        default="",
        help='Path to ACL ROOT DIR. e.g. --dnnl_acl_root "$HOME/ComputeLibrary/"',
    )
    parser.add_argument("--use_coreml", action="store_true", help="Build with CoreML support.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_webnn", action="store_true", help="Build with WebNN support.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_snpe", action="store_true", help="Build with SNPE support.")
    parser.add_argument("--snpe_root", help="Path to SNPE SDK root.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_nnapi", action="store_true", help="Build with NNAPI support.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_vsinpu", action="store_true", help="Build with VSINPU support.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--nnapi_min_api", type=int, help="Minimum Android API level to enable NNAPI, should be no less than 27"
    )
    parser.add_argument("--use_jsep", action="store_true", help="Build with JavaScript kernels.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_webgpu", action="store_true", help="Build with WebGPU support.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_external_dawn", action="store_true", help="Treat Dawn as an external dependency.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use_qnn",
        nargs="?",
        const="shared_lib",  # If provide --use_qnn without an arg, defaults to a shared library.
        type=_qnn_verify_library_kind,
        help="Build with QNN support. Specify 'shared_lib' or 'static_lib' to build QNN EP "
        "as a shared or static library, respectively.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--qnn_home", help="Path to QNN SDK dir.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_rknpu", action="store_true", help="Build with RKNPU.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_preinstalled_eigen", action="store_true", help="Use pre-installed Eigen.")
    parser.add_argument("--eigen_path", help="Path to pre-installed Eigen.")
    parser.add_argument("--enable_msinternal", action="store_true", help="Enable for Microsoft internal builds only.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_vitisai", action="store_true", help="Build with Vitis-AI")
    parser.add_argument("--use_tensorrt", action="store_true", help="Build with TensorRT")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use_tensorrt_builtin_parser", action="store_true", default=True, help="Use TensorRT builtin parser"
    )
    parser.add_argument("--use_tensorrt_oss_parser", action="store_true", help="Use TensorRT OSS parser")
    parser.add_argument("--tensorrt_home", help="Path to TensorRT installation dir")
    parser.add_argument("--test_all_timeout", default="10800", help="Set timeout for onnxruntime_test_all")
    parser.add_argument("--use_migraphx", action="store_true", help="Build with MIGraphX")
    parser.add_argument("--migraphx_home", help="Path to MIGraphX installation dir")
    parser.add_argument("--use_full_protobuf", action="store_true", help="Use the full protobuf library")
    parser.add_argument("--enable_pix_capture", action="store_true", help="Enable Pix Support.")

    parser.add_argument(
        "--skip_onnx_tests",
        action="store_true",
        help="Explicitly disable all onnx related tests. Note: Use --skip_tests to skip all tests.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--skip_winml_tests", action="store_true", help="Explicitly disable all WinML related tests")
    parser.add_argument("--skip_nodejs_tests", action="store_true", help="Explicitly disable all Node.js binding tests")

    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_msvc_static_runtime", action="store_true", help="Enable static linking of MSVC runtimes."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--cmake_generator",
        choices=[
            "MinGW Makefiles",
            "Ninja",
            "NMake Makefiles",
            "NMake Makefiles JOM",
            "Unix Makefiles",
            "Visual Studio 17 2022",
            "Xcode",
        ],
        default=None,
        help="Specify the generator that CMake invokes.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--use_dml", action="store_true", help="Build with DirectML.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--dml_path",
        type=str,
        default="",
        help="Path to a custom DirectML installation (must have bin/, lib/, and include/ subdirectories).",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--use_winml", action="store_true", help="Build with WinML.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--winml_root_namespace_override", type=str, help="Specify the namespace that WinML builds into."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--dml_external_project", action="store_true", help="Build with DirectML as an external project."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use_telemetry", action="store_true", help="Only official builds can set this flag to enable telemetry."
    )
    parser.add_argument("--enable_wcos", action="store_true", help="Build for Windows Core OS.")
    # Do not enable LTO when the compiler is MSVC and the flag for generating debug symbols is set to /Z7 and training
    # is also enabled. Because both LTO and /Zi could significantly increase *.obj/*.lib files' size, and on Windows
    # there is a 4GB per file limit(ERROR LNK1248). We may solve the issue by splitting the big static libs to smaller
    # ones. Before the refactoring work is done, we should avoid enabling LTO and ccache at the same time because ccache
    # needs /Z7.
    parser.add_argument("--enable_lto", action="store_true", help="Enable Link Time Optimization")
    parser.add_argument("--enable_transformers_tool_test", action="store_true", help="Enable transformers tool test")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--use_acl",
        action="store_true",
        help="Build with ACL for ARM architectures.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--acl_home", help="Path to ACL home dir")
    parser.add_argument("--acl_libs", help="Path to ACL libraries")
    parser.add_argument("--use_armnn", action="store_true", help="Enable ArmNN Execution Provider.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--armnn_relu", action="store_true", help="Use the Relu operator implementation from the ArmNN EP."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--armnn_bn", action="store_true", help="Use the Batch Normalization operator implementation from the ArmNN EP."
    )
    parser.add_argument("--armnn_home", help="Path to ArmNN home dir")
    parser.add_argument("--armnn_libs", help="Path to ArmNN libraries")
    parser.add_argument("--build_micro_benchmarks", action="store_true", help="Build ONNXRuntime micro-benchmarks.")

    # options to reduce binary size
    parser.add_argument(
        "--minimal_build",
        default=None,
        nargs="*",
        type=str.lower,
        help="Create a build that only supports ORT format models. "
        "See https://onnxruntime.ai/docs/tutorials/mobile/ for more information. "
        "RTTI is automatically disabled in a minimal build. "
        "To enable execution providers that compile kernels at runtime (e.g. NNAPI) pass 'extended' "
        "as a parameter. e.g. '--minimal_build extended'. "
        "To enable support for custom operators pass 'custom_ops' as a parameter. "
        "e.g. '--minimal_build custom_ops'. This can be combined with an 'extended' build by passing "
        "'--minimal_build extended custom_ops'",
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "--include_ops_by_config",
        type=str,
        help="Include ops from config file. See /docs/Reduced_Operator_Kernel_build.md for more information.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_reduced_operator_type_support",
        action="store_true",
        help="If --include_ops_by_config is specified, and the configuration file has type reduction "
        "information, limit the types individual operators support where possible to further "
        "reduce the build size. "
        "See /docs/Reduced_Operator_Kernel_build.md for more information.",
    )

    parser.add_argument("--disable_contrib_ops", action="store_true", help="Disable contrib ops (reduces binary size)")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--disable_ml_ops", action="store_true", help="Disable traditional ML ops (reduces binary size)"
    )
    # Please note in our CMakeLists.txt this is already default on. But in this file we reverse it to default OFF.
    parser.add_argument("--disable_rtti", action="store_true", help="Disable RTTI (reduces binary size)")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--disable_types",
        nargs="+",
        default=[],
        choices=["float8", "optional", "sparsetensor"],
        help="Disable selected data types (reduces binary size)",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--disable_exceptions",
        action="store_true",
        help="Disable exceptions to reduce binary size. Requires --minimal_build.",
    )

    parser.add_argument("--rocm_version", help="The version of ROCM stack to use. ")
    parser.add_argument("--use_rocm", action="store_true", help="Build with ROCm")
    parser.add_argument("--rocm_home", help="Path to ROCm installation dir")

    # Code coverage
    parser.add_argument(
        "--code_coverage", action="store_true", help="Generate code coverage when targeting Android (only)."
    )

    # lazy tensor support.
    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_lazy_tensor", action="store_true", help="Enable use ORT as backend in Pytorch LazyTensor."
    )

    parser.add_argument("--ms_experimental", action="store_true", help="Build microsoft experimental operators.")

    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_external_custom_op_schemas",
        action="store_true",
        help="Enable registering user defined custom operation schemas at shared library load time.\
            This feature is only supported/available on Ubuntu.",
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "--external_graph_transformer_path", type=str, help="path to the external graph transformer dir."
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_cuda_profiling",
        action="store_true",
        help="enable cuda kernel profiling, \
        cupti library must be added to PATH beforehand.",
    )
    parser.add_argument("--use_cann", action="store_true", help="Build with CANN")
    parser.add_argument("--cann_home", help="Path to CANN installation dir")

    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_rocm_profiling",
        action="store_true",
        help="enable rocm kernel profiling.",
    )

    parser.add_argument("--use_xnnpack", action="store_true", help="Enable xnnpack EP.")
    parser.add_argument("--use_avx512", action="store_true", help="Enable AVX512 instructions")
    parser.add_argument("--use_azure", action="store_true", help="Enable azure EP.")

    parser.add_argument("--use_cache", action="store_true", help="Use compiler cache in CI")

    parser.add_argument("--use_triton_kernel", action="store_true", help="Use triton compiled kernels")
    parser.add_argument("--use_lock_free_queue", action="store_true", help="Use lock-free task queue for threadpool.")

    parser.add_argument(
        "--enable_generic_interface",
        action="store_true",
        help="build ORT shared library and compatible bridge with primary EPs(tensorRT, OpenVino, Qnn, vitisai) but not tests",
    )

    if not is_windows():
        parser.add_argument(
            "--allow_running_as_root",
            action="store_true",
            help="Allow build to be run as root user. This is not allowed by default.",
        )

    args = parser.parse_args()
    if args.android_sdk_path:
        args.android_sdk_path = os.path.normpath(args.android_sdk_path)
    if args.android_ndk_path:
        args.android_ndk_path = os.path.normpath(args.android_ndk_path)

    if args.enable_wasm_api_exception_catching:
        # if we catch on api level, we don't want to catch all
        args.disable_wasm_exception_catching = True
    if not args.disable_wasm_exception_catching or args.enable_wasm_api_exception_catching:
        # doesn't make sense to catch if no one throws
        args.enable_wasm_exception_throwing_override = True

    if args.cmake_generator is None and is_windows():
        args.cmake_generator = "Ninja" if args.build_wasm else "Visual Studio 17 2022"

    if args.enable_cuda_nhwc_ops:
        warnings.warn(
            "The argument '--enable_cuda_nhwc_ops' is deprecated and is default to True. ", DeprecationWarning
        )

    return args


def is_reduced_ops_build(args):
    return args.include_ops_by_config is not None


def resolve_executable_path(command_or_path):
    """Returns the absolute path of an executable."""
    if command_or_path and command_or_path.strip():
        executable_path = shutil.which(command_or_path)
        if executable_path is None:
            raise BuildError(f"Failed to resolve executable path for '{command_or_path}'.")
        return os.path.abspath(executable_path)
    else:
        return None


def get_linux_distro():
    try:
        with open("/etc/os-release") as f:
            dist_info = dict(line.strip().split("=", 1) for line in f)
        return dist_info.get("NAME", "").strip('"'), dist_info.get("VERSION", "").strip('"')
    except (OSError, ValueError):
        return "", ""


def get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config):
    # build directory per configuration
    return os.path.join(build_dir, config)


def run_subprocess(
    args,
    cwd=None,
    capture_stdout=False,
    dll_path=None,
    shell=False,
    env=None,
    python_path=None,
    cuda_home=None,
):
    if env is None:
        env = {}
    if isinstance(args, str):
        raise ValueError("args should be a sequence of strings, not a string")

    my_env = os.environ.copy()
    if dll_path:
        if is_windows():
            if "PATH" in my_env:
                my_env["PATH"] = dll_path + os.pathsep + my_env["PATH"]
            else:
                my_env["PATH"] = dll_path
        else:
            if "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" in my_env:
                my_env["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"] += os.pathsep + dll_path
            else:
                my_env["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"] = dll_path
    # Add nvcc's folder to PATH env so that our cmake file can find nvcc
    if cuda_home:
        my_env["PATH"] = os.path.join(cuda_home, "bin") + os.pathsep + my_env["PATH"]

    if python_path:
        if "PYTHONPATH" in my_env:
            my_env["PYTHONPATH"] += os.pathsep + python_path
        else:
            my_env["PYTHONPATH"] = python_path

    my_env.update(env)
    log.info(" ".join(args))
    return run(*args, cwd=cwd, capture_stdout=capture_stdout, shell=shell, env=my_env)


def update_submodules(source_dir):
    run_subprocess(["git", "submodule", "sync", "--recursive"], cwd=source_dir)
    run_subprocess(["git", "submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive"], cwd=source_dir)


def setup_test_data(source_onnx_model_dir, dest_model_dir_name, build_dir, configs):
    # create the symlink/shortcut of onnx models dir under build_dir
    # currently, there're 2 sources of onnx models, one is build in OS image, another is
    # from {source_dir}/js/test, which is downloaded from onnx web.
    if is_windows():
        src_model_dir = os.path.join(build_dir, dest_model_dir_name)
        if os.path.exists(source_onnx_model_dir) and not os.path.exists(src_model_dir):
            log.debug(f"creating shortcut {source_onnx_model_dir} -> {src_model_dir}")
            run_subprocess(["mklink", "/D", "/J", src_model_dir, source_onnx_model_dir], shell=True)
        for config in configs:
            config_build_dir = get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config)
            os.makedirs(config_build_dir, exist_ok=True)
            dest_model_dir = os.path.join(config_build_dir, dest_model_dir_name)
            if os.path.exists(source_onnx_model_dir) and not os.path.exists(dest_model_dir):
                log.debug(f"creating shortcut {source_onnx_model_dir} -> {dest_model_dir}")
                run_subprocess(["mklink", "/D", "/J", dest_model_dir, source_onnx_model_dir], shell=True)
            elif os.path.exists(src_model_dir) and not os.path.exists(dest_model_dir):
                log.debug(f"creating shortcut {src_model_dir} -> {dest_model_dir}")
                run_subprocess(["mklink", "/D", "/J", dest_model_dir, src_model_dir], shell=True)
    else:
        src_model_dir = os.path.join(build_dir, dest_model_dir_name)
        if os.path.exists(source_onnx_model_dir) and not os.path.exists(src_model_dir):
            log.debug(f"create symlink {source_onnx_model_dir} -> {src_model_dir}")
            os.symlink(source_onnx_model_dir, src_model_dir, target_is_directory=True)


def use_dev_mode(args):
    if args.compile_no_warning_as_error:
        return False
    if args.use_acl:
        return False
    if args.use_armnn:
        return False
    if (args.ios or args.visionos) and is_macOS():
        return False
    SYSTEM_COLLECTIONURI = os.getenv("SYSTEM_COLLECTIONURI")  # noqa: N806
    if SYSTEM_COLLECTIONURI and SYSTEM_COLLECTIONURI != "https://dev.azure.com/onnxruntime/":
        return False
    return True


def add_default_definition(definition_list, key, default_value):
    for x in definition_list:
        if x.startswith(key + "="):
            return definition_list
    definition_list.append(key + "=" + default_value)


def normalize_arg_list(nested_list):
    return [i for j in nested_list for i in j] if nested_list else []


def number_of_parallel_jobs(args):
    return os.cpu_count() if args.parallel == 0 else args.parallel


def number_of_nvcc_threads(args):
    if args.nvcc_threads >= 0:
        return args.nvcc_threads

    nvcc_threads = 1
    try:
        import psutil

        available_memory = psutil.virtual_memory().available
        if isinstance(available_memory, int) and available_memory > 0:
            if available_memory > 60 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024:
                # When available memory is large enough, chance of OOM is small.
                nvcc_threads = 4
            else:
                # NVCC need a lot of memory to compile 8 flash attention cu files in Linux or 4 cutlass fmha cu files in Windows.
                # Here we select number of threads to ensure each thread has enough memory (>= 4 GB). For example,
                # Standard_NC4as_T4_v3 has 4 CPUs and 28 GB memory. When parallel=4 and nvcc_threads=2,
                # total nvcc threads is 4 * 2, which is barely able to build in 28 GB memory so we will use nvcc_threads=1.
                memory_per_thread = 4 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024
                fmha_cu_files = 4 if is_windows() else 16
                fmha_parallel_jobs = min(fmha_cu_files, number_of_parallel_jobs(args))
                nvcc_threads = max(1, int(available_memory / (memory_per_thread * fmha_parallel_jobs)))
                print(
                    f"nvcc_threads={nvcc_threads} to ensure memory per thread >= 4GB for available_memory={available_memory} and fmha_parallel_jobs={fmha_parallel_jobs}"
                )
    except ImportError:
        print(
            "Failed to import psutil. Please `pip install psutil` for better estimation of nvcc threads. Use nvcc_threads=1"
        )

    return nvcc_threads


def generate_build_tree(
    cmake_path,
    source_dir,
    build_dir,
    cuda_home,
    cudnn_home,
    rocm_home,
    mpi_home,
    nccl_home,
    tensorrt_home,
    migraphx_home,
    acl_home,
    acl_libs,
    armnn_home,
    armnn_libs,
    qnn_home,
    snpe_root,
    cann_home,
    path_to_protoc_exe,
    configs,
    cmake_extra_defines,
    args,
    cmake_extra_args,
):
    log.info("Generating CMake build tree")
    cmake_dir = os.path.join(source_dir, "cmake")
    cmake_args = [cmake_path, cmake_dir]
    if not use_dev_mode(args):
        cmake_args += ["--compile-no-warning-as-error"]

    types_to_disable = args.disable_types
    # enable/disable float 8 types
    disable_float8_types = args.android or ("float8" in types_to_disable)
    disable_optional_type = "optional" in types_to_disable
    disable_sparse_tensors = "sparsetensor" in types_to_disable

    cmake_args += [
        "-Donnxruntime_RUN_ONNX_TESTS=" + ("ON" if args.enable_onnx_tests else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_GENERATE_TEST_REPORTS=ON",
        "-DPython_EXECUTABLE=" + sys.executable,
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_VCPKG=" + ("ON" if args.use_vcpkg else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_MIMALLOC=" + ("ON" if args.use_mimalloc else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_PYTHON=" + ("ON" if args.enable_pybind else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_CSHARP=" + ("ON" if args.build_csharp else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_JAVA=" + ("ON" if args.build_java else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_NODEJS=" + ("ON" if args.build_nodejs else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_OBJC=" + ("ON" if args.build_objc else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_SHARED_LIB=" + ("ON" if args.build_shared_lib else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_APPLE_FRAMEWORK=" + ("ON" if args.build_apple_framework else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_DNNL=" + ("ON" if args.use_dnnl else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_NNAPI_BUILTIN=" + ("ON" if args.use_nnapi else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_VSINPU=" + ("ON" if args.use_vsinpu else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_RKNPU=" + ("ON" if args.use_rknpu else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_MICROSOFT_INTERNAL=" + ("ON" if args.enable_msinternal else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_VITISAI=" + ("ON" if args.use_vitisai else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_TENSORRT=" + ("ON" if args.use_tensorrt else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_TENSORRT_BUILTIN_PARSER="
        + ("ON" if args.use_tensorrt_builtin_parser and not args.use_tensorrt_oss_parser else "OFF"),
        # interface variables are used only for building onnxruntime/onnxruntime_shared.dll but not EPs
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_TENSORRT_INTERFACE=" + ("ON" if args.enable_generic_interface else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_CUDA_INTERFACE=" + ("ON" if args.enable_generic_interface else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_INTERFACE=" + ("ON" if args.enable_generic_interface else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_VITISAI_INTERFACE=" + ("ON" if args.enable_generic_interface else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_QNN_INTERFACE=" + ("ON" if args.enable_generic_interface else "OFF"),
        # set vars for migraphx
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_MIGRAPHX=" + ("ON" if args.use_migraphx else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_DISABLE_CONTRIB_OPS=" + ("ON" if args.disable_contrib_ops else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_DISABLE_ML_OPS=" + ("ON" if args.disable_ml_ops else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_DISABLE_RTTI="
        + ("ON" if args.disable_rtti or (args.minimal_build is not None and not args.enable_pybind) else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS=" + ("ON" if args.disable_exceptions else "OFF"),
        # Need to use 'is not None' with minimal_build check as it could be an empty list.
        "-Donnxruntime_MINIMAL_BUILD=" + ("ON" if args.minimal_build is not None else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_EXTENDED_MINIMAL_BUILD="
        + ("ON" if args.minimal_build and "extended" in args.minimal_build else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_MINIMAL_BUILD_CUSTOM_OPS="
        + (
            "ON"
            if (args.minimal_build is not None and ("custom_ops" in args.minimal_build or args.use_extensions))
            else "OFF"
        ),
        "-Donnxruntime_REDUCED_OPS_BUILD=" + ("ON" if is_reduced_ops_build(args) else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_DML=" + ("ON" if args.use_dml else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_WINML=" + ("ON" if args.use_winml else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_MS_EXPERIMENTAL_OPS=" + ("ON" if args.ms_experimental else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_TELEMETRY=" + ("ON" if args.use_telemetry else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_LTO=" + ("ON" if args.enable_lto else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_ACL=" + ("ON" if args.use_acl else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_ARMNN=" + ("ON" if args.use_armnn else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ARMNN_RELU_USE_CPU=" + ("OFF" if args.armnn_relu else "ON"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ARMNN_BN_USE_CPU=" + ("OFF" if args.armnn_bn else "ON"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_JSEP=" + ("ON" if args.use_jsep else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_WEBGPU=" + ("ON" if args.use_webgpu else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_PIX_FOR_WEBGPU_EP=" + ("ON" if args.enable_pix_capture else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_EXTERNAL_DAWN=" + ("ON" if args.use_external_dawn else "OFF"),
        # Training related flags
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_NVTX_PROFILE=" + ("ON" if args.enable_nvtx_profile else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_TRAINING=" + ("ON" if args.enable_training else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_TRAINING_OPS=" + ("ON" if args.enable_training_ops else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_TRAINING_APIS=" + ("ON" if args.enable_training_apis else "OFF"),
        # Enable advanced computations such as AVX for some traininig related ops.
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_CPU_FP16_OPS=" + ("ON" if args.enable_training else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_NCCL=" + ("ON" if args.enable_nccl else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_BENCHMARKS=" + ("ON" if args.build_micro_benchmarks else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_ROCM=" + ("ON" if args.use_rocm else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_GCOV_COVERAGE=" + ("ON" if args.code_coverage else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_MPI=" + ("ON" if args.use_mpi else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_MEMORY_PROFILE=" + ("ON" if args.enable_memory_profile else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_CUDA_LINE_NUMBER_INFO=" + ("ON" if args.enable_cuda_line_info else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_CUDA_NHWC_OPS=" + ("ON" if args.use_cuda and not args.disable_cuda_nhwc_ops else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_WEBASSEMBLY_STATIC_LIB=" + ("ON" if args.build_wasm_static_lib else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION_CATCHING="
        + ("OFF" if args.disable_wasm_exception_catching else "ON"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_API_EXCEPTION_CATCHING="
        + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_api_exception_catching else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION_THROWING="
        + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_exception_throwing_override else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_WEBASSEMBLY_RUN_TESTS_IN_BROWSER=" + ("ON" if args.wasm_run_tests_in_browser else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_THREADS=" + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_threads else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_MEMORY64=" + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_memory64 else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_DEBUG_INFO=" + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_debug_info else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_PROFILING=" + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_profiling else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_LAZY_TENSOR=" + ("ON" if args.enable_lazy_tensor else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_EXTERNAL_CUSTOM_OP_SCHEMAS="
        + ("ON" if args.enable_external_custom_op_schemas else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_CUDA_PROFILING=" + ("ON" if args.enable_cuda_profiling else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_ROCM_PROFILING=" + ("ON" if args.enable_rocm_profiling else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_XNNPACK=" + ("ON" if args.use_xnnpack else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_WEBNN=" + ("ON" if args.use_webnn else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_CANN=" + ("ON" if args.use_cann else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_USE_TRITON_KERNEL=" + ("ON" if args.use_triton_kernel else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_DISABLE_FLOAT8_TYPES=" + ("ON" if disable_float8_types else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_DISABLE_SPARSE_TENSORS=" + ("ON" if disable_sparse_tensors else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_DISABLE_OPTIONAL_TYPE=" + ("ON" if disable_optional_type else "OFF"),
        "-Donnxruntime_CUDA_MINIMAL=" + ("ON" if args.enable_cuda_minimal_build else "OFF"),
    ]

    if args.rv64:
        add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "onnxruntime_CROSS_COMPILING", "ON")
        if not args.riscv_toolchain_root:
            raise BuildError("The --riscv_toolchain_root option is required to build for riscv64.")
        if not args.skip_tests and not args.riscv_qemu_path:
            raise BuildError("The --riscv_qemu_path option is required for testing riscv64.")

        cmake_args += [
            "-DRISCV_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT:PATH=" + args.riscv_toolchain_root,
            "-DRISCV_QEMU_PATH:PATH=" + args.riscv_qemu_path,
            "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=" + os.path.join(source_dir, "cmake", "riscv64.toolchain.cmake"),
        ]
    if args.use_vcpkg:
        # TODO: set VCPKG_PLATFORM_TOOLSET_VERSION
        # Setup CMake flags for vcpkg
        vcpkg_install_options = ["--x-feature=tests"]
        if args.use_xnnpack:
            vcpkg_install_options.append("--x-feature=xnnpack-ep")

        # Find VCPKG's toolchain cmake file
        vcpkg_cmd_path = shutil.which("vcpkg")
        vcpkg_toolchain_path = None
        if vcpkg_cmd_path is not None:
            vcpkg_toolchain_path = Path(vcpkg_cmd_path).parent / "scripts" / "buildsystems" / "vcpkg.cmake"
            if not vcpkg_toolchain_path.exists():
                if is_windows():
                    raise BuildError(
                        "Cannot find VCPKG's toolchain cmake file. Please check if your vcpkg command was provided by Visual Studio"
                    )
                # Fallback to the next
                vcpkg_toolchain_path = None
        # Fallback to use the "VCPKG_INSTALLATION_ROOT" env var
        vcpkg_installation_root = os.environ.get("VCPKG_INSTALLATION_ROOT")
        if vcpkg_installation_root is None:
            # Fallback to checkout vcpkg from github
            vcpkg_installation_root = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(build_dir), "vcpkg")
            if not os.path.exists(vcpkg_installation_root):
                run_subprocess(["git", "clone", "https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg.git", "--recursive"], cwd=build_dir)
        vcpkg_toolchain_path = Path(vcpkg_installation_root) / "scripts" / "buildsystems" / "vcpkg.cmake"
        add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE", str(vcpkg_toolchain_path))
        overlay_triplets_dir = None

        folder_name_parts = []
        if args.enable_address_sanitizer:
            folder_name_parts.append("asan")
        if args.use_binskim_compliant_compile_flags and not args.android:
            folder_name_parts.append("binskim")
        if args.disable_rtti:
            folder_name_parts.append("nortti")
        if args.disable_exceptions and not is_windows():
            folder_name_parts.append("noexception")
        if len(folder_name_parts) == 0:
            folder_name = "default"
        else:
            folder_name = "_".join(folder_name_parts)
        overlay_triplets_dir = os.path.join(source_dir, "cmake", "vcpkg-triplets", folder_name)

        vcpkg_install_options.append(f"--overlay-triplets={overlay_triplets_dir}")
        if "AGENT_TEMPDIRECTORY" in os.environ:
            temp_dir = os.environ["AGENT_TEMPDIRECTORY"]
            vcpkg_install_options.append(f"--x-buildtrees-root={temp_dir}")
        terrapin_cmd_path = shutil.which("TerrapinRetrievalTool")
        if terrapin_cmd_path is None:
            terrapin_cmd_path = "C:\\local\\Terrapin\\TerrapinRetrievalTool.exe"
            if not os.path.exists(terrapin_cmd_path):
                terrapin_cmd_path = None
        if terrapin_cmd_path is not None:
            vcpkg_install_options.append(
                "--x-asset-sources=x-script,"
                + terrapin_cmd_path
                + " -b https://vcpkg.storage.devpackages.microsoft.io/artifacts/ -a true -u Environment -p {url} -s {sha512} -d {dst}\\;x-block-origin"
            )
        else:
            vcpkg_install_options.append(
                "--x-asset-sources=x-azurl,https://vcpkg.storage.devpackages.microsoft.io/artifacts/\\;x-block-origin"
            )
        # VCPKG_INSTALL_OPTIONS is a CMake list. It must be joined by semicolons
        # Therefore, if any of the option string contains a semicolon, it must be escaped
        add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "VCPKG_INSTALL_OPTIONS", ";".join(vcpkg_install_options))
        # Choose the cmake triplet
        triplet = None
        if args.build_wasm:
            triplet = "wasm32-emscripten"
        elif args.android:
            if args.android_abi == "armeabi-v7a":
                triplet = "arm-neon-android"
            elif args.android_abi == "arm64-v8a":
                triplet = "arm64-android"
            elif args.android_abi == "x86_64":
                triplet = "x64-android"
            elif args.android_abi == "x86":
                triplet = "x86-android"
            else:
                raise BuildError("Unknown android_abi")
        elif is_windows():
            target_arch = platform.machine()
            if args.arm64:
                target_arch = "ARM64"
            elif args.arm64:
                target_arch = "ARM64EC"
            cpu_arch = platform.architecture()[0]
            if target_arch == "AMD64":
                if cpu_arch == "32bit" or args.x86:
                    triplet = "x86-windows-static" if args.enable_msvc_static_runtime else "x86-windows-static-md"
                else:
                    triplet = "x64-windows-static" if args.enable_msvc_static_runtime else "x64-windows-static-md"
            elif target_arch == "ARM64":
                triplet = "arm64-windows-static" if args.enable_msvc_static_runtime else "arm64-windows-static-md"
            elif target_arch == "ARM64EC":
                triplet = "arm64ec-windows-static" if args.enable_msvc_static_runtime else "arm64ec-windows-static-md"
            else:
                raise BuildError("unknown python arch")
        elif is_macOS():
            for kvp in cmake_extra_defines:
                parts = kvp.split("=")
                if len(parts) != 2:
                    continue
                key = parts[0]
                value = parts[1]
                if key == "CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES" and len(value.split(";")) == 2:
                    triplet = "universal2-osx"
        if triplet:
            log.info(f"setting target triplet to {triplet}")
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET", triplet)

    # By default on Windows we currently support only cross compiling for ARM/ARM64
    if (args.arm64 or args.arm64ec or args.arm) and platform.architecture()[0] != "AMD64":
        add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "onnxruntime_CROSS_COMPILING", "ON")
        if args.use_extensions:
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "OPENCV_SKIP_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_DETECTION", "ON")
    if args.use_cache:
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_BUILD_CACHE=ON")
        if not (is_windows() and args.cmake_generator != "Ninja"):
            cmake_args.append("-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache")
            cmake_args.append("-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache")
            if args.use_cuda:
                cmake_args.append("-DCMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache")
            if args.use_rocm:
                cmake_args.append("-DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache")
    # By default cmake does not check TLS/SSL certificates. Here we turn it on.
    # But, in some cases you may also need to supply a CA file.
    add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "CMAKE_TLS_VERIFY", "ON")
    add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "FETCHCONTENT_QUIET", "OFF")
    if args.external_graph_transformer_path:
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_EXTERNAL_TRANSFORMER_SRC_PATH=" + args.external_graph_transformer_path)
    if args.use_winml:
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_BUILD_WINML_TESTS=" + ("OFF" if args.skip_winml_tests else "ON"))
    if args.use_dnnl:
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_DNNL_GPU_RUNTIME=" + args.dnnl_gpu_runtime)
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_DNNL_OPENCL_ROOT=" + args.dnnl_opencl_root)
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_DNNL_AARCH64_RUNTIME=" + args.dnnl_aarch64_runtime)
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_DNNL_ACL_ROOT=" + args.dnnl_acl_root)
    if args.build_wasm:
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY_SIMD=" + ("ON" if args.enable_wasm_simd else "OFF"))
    if args.use_migraphx:
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_MIGRAPHX_HOME=" + migraphx_home)
    if args.use_rocm:
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_ROCM_HOME=" + rocm_home)
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_ROCM_VERSION=" + args.rocm_version)
    if args.use_tensorrt:
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_TENSORRT_HOME=" + tensorrt_home)

    if args.use_cuda:
        nvcc_threads = number_of_nvcc_threads(args)
        cmake_args.append("-Donnxruntime_NVCC_THREADS=" + str(nvcc_threads))
        cmake_args.append(f"-DCMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER={cuda_home}/bin/nvcc")
        add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "onnxruntime_USE_CUDA", "ON")
        if args.cuda_version:
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "onnxruntime_CUDA_VERSION", args.cuda_version)
        # TODO: this variable is not really needed
        add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "onnxruntime_CUDA_HOME", cuda_home)
        if cudnn_home:
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "onnxruntime_CUDNN_HOME", cudnn_home)

    if is_windows():
        if args.enable_msvc_static_runtime:
            add_default_definition(
                cmake_extra_defines, "CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY", "MultiThreaded$<$<CONFIG:Debug>:Debug>"
            )
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "ONNX_USE_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME", "ON")
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "protobuf_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME", "ON")
            # The following build option was added in ABSL 20240722.0 and it must be explicitly set
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "ABSL_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME", "ON")
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "gtest_force_shared_crt", "OFF")
        else:
            # CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY is default to MultiThreaded$<$<CONFIG:Debug>:Debug>DLL
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "ONNX_USE_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME", "OFF")
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "protobuf_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME", "OFF")
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "ABSL_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME", "OFF")
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "gtest_force_shared_crt", "ON")

    if acl_home and os.path.exists(acl_home):
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_ACL_HOME=" + acl_home]

    if acl_libs and os.path.exists(acl_libs):
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_ACL_LIBS=" + acl_libs]

    if armnn_home and os.path.exists(armnn_home):
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_ARMNN_HOME=" + armnn_home]

    if armnn_libs and os.path.exists(armnn_libs):
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_ARMNN_LIBS=" + armnn_libs]

    if mpi_home and os.path.exists(mpi_home):
        if args.use_mpi:
            cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_MPI_HOME=" + mpi_home]
        else:
            log.warning(
                "mpi_home is supplied but use_mpi is set to false. Build will continue without linking MPI libraries."
            )

    if nccl_home and os.path.exists(nccl_home):
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_NCCL_HOME=" + nccl_home]

    if qnn_home and os.path.exists(qnn_home):
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_QNN_HOME=" + qnn_home]

    if snpe_root and os.path.exists(snpe_root):
        cmake_args += ["-DSNPE_ROOT=" + snpe_root]

    if cann_home and os.path.exists(cann_home):
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_CANN_HOME=" + cann_home]

    if args.winml_root_namespace_override:
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_WINML_NAMESPACE_OVERRIDE=" + args.winml_root_namespace_override]
    if args.use_openvino:
        cmake_args += [
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO=ON",
            "-Donnxruntime_NPU_NO_FALLBACK=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino == "NPU_NO_CPU_FALLBACK" else "OFF"),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_GPU=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino == "GPU" else "OFF"),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_CPU=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino == "CPU" else "OFF"),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_NPU=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino == "NPU" else "OFF"),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_GPU_NP=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino == "GPU_NO_PARTITION" else "OFF"),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_CPU_NP=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino == "CPU_NO_PARTITION" else "OFF"),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_NPU_NP=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino == "NPU_NO_PARTITION" else "OFF"),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_HETERO=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino.startswith("HETERO") else "OFF"),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_DEVICE=" + (args.use_openvino),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_MULTI=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino.startswith("MULTI") else "OFF"),
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_OPENVINO_AUTO=" + ("ON" if args.use_openvino.startswith("AUTO") else "OFF"),
        ]

    # VitisAI and OpenVINO providers currently only support full_protobuf option.
    if args.use_full_protobuf or args.use_openvino or args.use_vitisai or args.gen_doc:
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_USE_FULL_PROTOBUF=ON", "-DProtobuf_USE_STATIC_LIBS=ON"]

    if args.use_cuda and not is_windows():
        nvml_stub_path = cuda_home + "/lib64/stubs"
        cmake_args += ["-DCUDA_CUDA_LIBRARY=" + nvml_stub_path]

    if args.use_preinstalled_eigen:
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_USE_PREINSTALLED_EIGEN=ON", "-Deigen_SOURCE_PATH=" + args.eigen_path]

    if args.nnapi_min_api:
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_NNAPI_MIN_API=" + str(args.nnapi_min_api)]

    if args.android:
        if not args.android_ndk_path:
            raise BuildError("android_ndk_path required to build for Android")
        if not args.android_sdk_path:
            raise BuildError("android_sdk_path required to build for Android")
        android_toolchain_cmake_path = os.path.join(args.android_ndk_path, "build", "cmake", "android.toolchain.cmake")
        cmake_args += [
            "-DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-" + str(args.android_api),
            "-DANDROID_ABI=" + str(args.android_abi),
            "-DANDROID_MIN_SDK=" + str(args.android_api),
            "-DANDROID_USE_LEGACY_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=false",
        ]
        if args.disable_rtti:
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "CMAKE_ANDROID_RTTI", "OFF")
        if args.disable_exceptions:
            add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "CMAKE_ANDROID_EXCEPTIONS", "OFF")
        if not args.use_vcpkg:
            cmake_args.append("-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=" + android_toolchain_cmake_path)
        else:
            cmake_args.append("-DVCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=" + android_toolchain_cmake_path)
        if args.android_cpp_shared:
            cmake_args += ["-DANDROID_STL=c++_shared"]

    if args.dml_path:
        cmake_args += [
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_CUSTOM_DIRECTML=ON",
            "-Ddml_INCLUDE_DIR=" + os.path.join(args.dml_path, "include"),
            "-Ddml_LIB_DIR=" + os.path.join(args.dml_path, "lib"),
        ]

    if args.dml_external_project:
        cmake_args += [
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_CUSTOM_DIRECTML=ON",
            "-Ddml_EXTERNAL_PROJECT=ON",
        ]

    if args.use_gdk:
        cmake_args += [
            "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=" + os.path.join(source_dir, "cmake", "gdk_toolchain.cmake"),
            "-DGDK_EDITION=" + args.gdk_edition,
            "-DGDK_PLATFORM=" + args.gdk_platform,
            "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_UNIT_TESTS=OFF",  # gtest doesn't build for GDK
        ]
        if args.use_dml and not (args.dml_path or args.dml_external_project):
            raise BuildError("You must set dml_path or dml_external_project when building with the GDK.")

    if is_macOS() and not args.android:
        add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES", args.osx_arch)
        if args.apple_deploy_target:
            cmake_args += ["-DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=" + args.apple_deploy_target]
        # Code sign the binaries, if the code signing development identity and/or team id are provided
        if args.xcode_code_signing_identity:
            cmake_args += ["-DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY=" + args.xcode_code_signing_identity]
        if args.xcode_code_signing_team_id:
            cmake_args += ["-DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=" + args.xcode_code_signing_team_id]

    if args.use_qnn:
        if args.qnn_home is None or os.path.exists(args.qnn_home) is False:
            raise BuildError("qnn_home=" + qnn_home + " not valid." + " qnn_home paths must be specified and valid.")
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_USE_QNN=ON"]

        if args.use_qnn == "static_lib":
            cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_BUILD_QNN_EP_STATIC_LIB=ON"]
        if args.android and args.use_qnn != "static_lib":
            raise BuildError("Only support Android + QNN builds with QNN EP built as a static library.")
        if args.use_qnn == "static_lib" and args.enable_generic_interface:
            raise BuildError("Generic ORT interface only supported with QNN EP built as a shared library.")

    if args.use_coreml:
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_USE_COREML=ON"]

    if args.use_webnn:
        if not args.build_wasm:
            raise BuildError("WebNN is only available for WebAssembly build.")
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_USE_WEBNN=ON"]

    if args.use_jsep and args.use_webgpu:
        raise BuildError("JSEP (--use_jsep) and WebGPU (--use_webgpu) cannot be enabled at the same time.")

    if args.use_external_dawn and not args.use_webgpu:
        raise BuildError("External Dawn (--use_external_dawn) must be enabled with WebGPU (--use_webgpu).")

    if args.enable_pix_capture and (not args.use_webgpu or not is_windows()):
        raise BuildError(
            "Enable PIX Capture (--enable_pix_capture) must be enabled with WebGPU (--use_webgpu) on Windows"
        )

    if args.use_snpe:
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_USE_SNPE=ON"]

    if args.macos or args.ios or args.visionos:
        # Note: Xcode CMake generator doesn't have a good support for Mac Catalyst yet.
        if args.macos == "Catalyst" and args.cmake_generator == "Xcode":
            raise BuildError("Xcode CMake generator ('--cmake_generator Xcode') doesn't support Mac Catalyst build.")

        if (args.ios or args.visionos or args.macos == "MacOSX") and not args.cmake_generator == "Xcode":
            raise BuildError(
                "iOS/MacOS framework build requires use of the Xcode CMake generator ('--cmake_generator Xcode')."
            )

        needed_args = [
            args.apple_sysroot,
            args.apple_deploy_target,
        ]
        arg_names = [
            "--apple_sysroot          " + "<the location or name of the macOS platform SDK>",
            "--apple_deploy_target  " + "<the minimum version of the target platform>",
        ]
        if not all(needed_args):
            raise BuildError(
                "iOS/MacOS framework build on MacOS canceled due to missing arguments: "
                + ", ".join(val for val, cond in zip(arg_names, needed_args, strict=False) if not cond)
            )
        # note: this value is mainly used in framework_info.json file to specify the build osx type
        platform_name = "macabi" if args.macos == "Catalyst" else args.apple_sysroot
        cmake_args += [
            "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_SHARED_LIB=ON",
            "-DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=" + args.apple_sysroot,
            "-DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=" + args.apple_deploy_target,
            # we do not need protoc binary for ios cross build
            "-Dprotobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES=OFF",
            "-DPLATFORM_NAME=" + platform_name,
        ]
        if args.ios:
            cmake_args += [
                "-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS",
                "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="
                + (args.ios_toolchain_file if args.ios_toolchain_file else "../cmake/onnxruntime_ios.toolchain.cmake"),
            ]
        # for catalyst build, we need to manually specify cflags for target e.g. x86_64-apple-ios14.0-macabi, etc.
        # https://forums.developer.apple.com/forums/thread/122571
        if args.macos == "Catalyst":
            macabi_target = f"{args.osx_arch}-apple-ios{args.apple_deploy_target}-macabi"
            cmake_args += [
                "-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_TARGET=" + macabi_target,
                "-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET=" + macabi_target,
                "-DCMAKE_CC_COMPILER_TARGET=" + macabi_target,
                f"-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=--target={macabi_target}",
                f"-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE=-O3 -DNDEBUG --target={macabi_target}",
                f"-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS=--target={macabi_target}",
                f"-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE=-O3 -DNDEBUG --target={macabi_target}",
                f"-DCMAKE_CC_FLAGS=--target={macabi_target}",
                f"-DCMAKE_CC_FLAGS_RELEASE=-O3 -DNDEBUG --target={macabi_target}",
            ]
        if args.visionos:
            cmake_args += [
                "-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=visionOS",
                "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="
                + (
                    args.visionos_toolchain_file
                    if args.visionos_toolchain_file
                    else "../cmake/onnxruntime_visionos.toolchain.cmake"
                ),
                "-Donnxruntime_ENABLE_CPUINFO=OFF",
            ]

    if args.build_wasm:
        emsdk_dir = os.path.join(cmake_dir, "external", "emsdk")
        emscripten_cmake_toolchain_file = os.path.join(
            emsdk_dir, "upstream", "emscripten", "cmake", "Modules", "Platform", "Emscripten.cmake"
        )
        if args.use_vcpkg:
            cmake_args.append("-DVCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=" + emscripten_cmake_toolchain_file)
        else:
            cmake_args.append("-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=" + emscripten_cmake_toolchain_file)
        if args.disable_wasm_exception_catching:
            # WebAssembly unittest requires exception catching to work. If this feature is disabled, we do not build
            # unit test.
            cmake_args += [
                "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_UNIT_TESTS=OFF",
            ]

        # add default emscripten settings
        emscripten_settings = normalize_arg_list(args.emscripten_settings)

        # set -s MALLOC
        if args.wasm_malloc is not None:
            add_default_definition(emscripten_settings, "MALLOC", args.wasm_malloc)
        add_default_definition(emscripten_settings, "MALLOC", "dlmalloc")

        # set -s STACK_SIZE=5242880
        add_default_definition(emscripten_settings, "STACK_SIZE", "5242880")

        if emscripten_settings:
            cmake_args += [f"-Donnxruntime_EMSCRIPTEN_SETTINGS={';'.join(emscripten_settings)}"]

    # Append onnxruntime-extensions cmake options
    if args.use_extensions:
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_USE_EXTENSIONS=ON"]

        # default path of onnxruntime-extensions, using git submodule
        for config in configs:
            onnxruntime_extensions_path = os.path.join(build_dir, config, "_deps", "extensions-src")
            onnxruntime_extensions_path = os.path.abspath(onnxruntime_extensions_path)

            if args.extensions_overridden_path and os.path.exists(args.extensions_overridden_path):
                # use absolute path here because onnxruntime-extensions is outside onnxruntime
                onnxruntime_extensions_path = os.path.abspath(args.extensions_overridden_path)
                cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_EXTENSIONS_OVERRIDDEN=ON"]
                print("[onnxruntime-extensions] Loading onnxruntime-extensions from: ", onnxruntime_extensions_path)
            else:
                print("[onnxruntime-extensions] Loading onnxruntime-extensions from: FetchContent")

            cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_EXTENSIONS_PATH=" + onnxruntime_extensions_path]

            if is_reduced_ops_build(args):
                operators_config_file = os.path.abspath(args.include_ops_by_config)
                cmake_tool_dir = os.path.join(onnxruntime_extensions_path, "tools")

                # generate _selectedoplist.cmake by operators config file
                run_subprocess([sys.executable, "gen_selectedops.py", operators_config_file], cwd=cmake_tool_dir)

    if path_to_protoc_exe:
        cmake_args += [f"-DONNX_CUSTOM_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE={path_to_protoc_exe}"]

    if args.fuzz_testing:
        if not (
            args.build_shared_lib
            and is_windows()
            and args.cmake_generator == "Visual Studio 17 2022"
            and args.use_full_protobuf
        ):
            raise BuildError("Fuzz test has only be tested with build shared libs option using MSVC on windows")
        cmake_args += [
            "-Donnxruntime_BUILD_UNIT_TESTS=ON",
            "-Donnxruntime_FUZZ_TEST=ON",
            "-Donnxruntime_USE_FULL_PROTOBUF=ON",
        ]

    # When this flag is enabled, that means we only build ONNXRuntime shared library, expecting some compatible EP
    # shared lib being build in a seperate process. So we skip the test for now as ONNXRuntime shared lib built under
    # this flag is not expected to work alone
    if args.enable_generic_interface:
        cmake_args += ["-Donnxruntime_BUILD_UNIT_TESTS=OFF"]

    if args.enable_lazy_tensor:
        import torch

        cmake_args += [f"-Donnxruntime_PREBUILT_PYTORCH_PATH={os.path.dirname(torch.__file__)}"]
        cmake_args += ["-D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=" + str(int(torch._C._GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI))]

    if args.use_azure:
        add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "onnxruntime_USE_AZURE", "ON")

    if args.use_lock_free_queue:
        add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "onnxruntime_USE_LOCK_FREE_QUEUE", "ON")

    if is_windows():
        if not args.ios and not args.android and not args.build_wasm:
            if args.use_cache:
                add_default_definition(
                    cmake_extra_defines,
                    "CMAKE_MSVC_DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT",
                    "$<$<CONFIG:Debug,RelWithDebInfo>:Embedded>",
                )
            else:
                # Always enable debug info even in release build. The debug information is in separated *.pdb files that
                # can be easily discarded when debug symbols are not needed. We enable it by default because many auditting
                # tools need to use the symbols.
                add_default_definition(cmake_extra_defines, "CMAKE_MSVC_DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT", "ProgramDatabase")

        if number_of_parallel_jobs(args) > 0:
            # https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/improved-parallelism-in-msbuild/
            # NOTE: this disables /MP if set (according to comments on blog post).
            # By default, MultiProcMaxCount and CL_MPCount value are equal to the number of CPU logical processors.
            # See logic around setting CL_MPCount below
            cmake_args += ["-DCMAKE_VS_GLOBALS=UseMultiToolTask=true;EnforceProcessCountAcrossBuilds=true"]

    cmake_args += [f"-D{define}" for define in cmake_extra_defines]

    cmake_args += cmake_extra_args

    # ADO pipelines will store the pipeline build number
    # (e.g. 191101-2300.1.master) and source version in environment
    # variables. If present, use these values to define the
    # WinML/ORT DLL versions.
    build_number = os.getenv("Build_BuildNumber")  # noqa: SIM112
    source_version = os.getenv("Build_SourceVersion")  # noqa: SIM112
    if build_number and source_version:
        build_matches = re.fullmatch(r"(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)\.(\d+)", build_number)
        if build_matches:
            YY = build_matches.group(2)  # noqa: N806
            MM = build_matches.group(3)  # noqa: N806
            DD = build_matches.group(4)  # noqa: N806

            # Get ORT major and minor number
            with open(os.path.join(source_dir, "VERSION_NUMBER")) as f:
                first_line = f.readline()
                ort_version_matches = re.match(r"(\d+).(\d+)", first_line)
                if not ort_version_matches:
                    raise BuildError("Couldn't read version from VERSION_FILE")
                ort_major = ort_version_matches.group(1)
                ort_minor = ort_version_matches.group(2)
                # Example (BuildNumber: 191101-2300.1.master,
                # SourceVersion: 0bce7ae6755c792eda558e5d27ded701707dc404)
                # MajorPart = 1
                # MinorPart = 0
                # BuildPart = 1911
                # PrivatePart = 123
                # String = 191101-2300.1.master.0bce7ae
                cmake_args += [
                    f"-DVERSION_MAJOR_PART={ort_major}",
                    f"-DVERSION_MINOR_PART={ort_minor}",
                    f"-DVERSION_BUILD_PART={YY}",
                    f"-DVERSION_PRIVATE_PART={MM}{DD}",
                    f"-DVERSION_STRING={ort_major}.{ort_minor}.{build_number}.{source_version[0:7]}",
                ]

    for config in configs:
        cflags = []
        cxxflags = None
        ldflags = None
        cudaflags = []
        if is_windows() and not args.ios and not args.android and not args.build_wasm:
            njobs = number_of_parallel_jobs(args)
            if args.use_cuda:
                cudaflags.append("-allow-unsupported-compiler")
            if njobs > 1:
                if args.parallel == 0:
                    cflags += ["/MP"]
                else:
                    cflags += [f"/MP{njobs}"]
        # Setup default values for cflags/cxxflags/ldflags.
        # The values set here are purely for security and compliance purposes. ONNX Runtime should work fine without these flags.
        if (
            (args.use_binskim_compliant_compile_flags or args.enable_address_sanitizer)
            and not args.ios
            and not args.android
            and not args.build_wasm
        ):
            if is_windows():
                cflags += ["/guard:cf", "/DWIN32", "/D_WINDOWS"]
                if not args.use_gdk:
                    # Target Windows 10
                    cflags += [
                        "/DWINAPI_FAMILY=100",
                        "/DWINVER=0x0A00",
                        "/D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00",
                        "/DNTDDI_VERSION=0x0A000000",
                    ]
                # The "/profile" flag implies "/DEBUG:FULL /DEBUGTYPE:cv,fixup /OPT:REF /OPT:NOICF /INCREMENTAL:NO /FIXED:NO". We set it for satisfying a Microsoft internal compliance requirement. External users
                # do not need to have it.
                ldflags = ["/profile", "/DYNAMICBASE"]
                # Address Sanitizer libs do not have a Qspectre version. So they two cannot be both enabled.
                if not args.enable_address_sanitizer:
                    cflags += ["/Qspectre"]
                if config == "Release":
                    cflags += ["/O2", "/Ob2", "/DNDEBUG"]
                elif config == "RelWithDebInfo":
                    cflags += ["/O2", "/Ob1", "/DNDEBUG"]
                elif config == "Debug":
                    cflags += ["/Ob0", "/Od", "/RTC1"]
                elif config == "MinSizeRel":
                    cflags += ["/O1", "/Ob1", "/DNDEBUG"]
                if args.enable_address_sanitizer:
                    cflags += ["/fsanitize=address"]
                cxxflags = cflags.copy()
                if args.use_cuda:
                    # On Windows, nvcc passes /EHsc to the host compiler by default.
                    cuda_compile_flags_str = ""
                    for compile_flag in cflags:
                        if compile_flag.startswith("/D"):
                            cudaflags.append(compile_flag)
                        else:
                            cuda_compile_flags_str = cuda_compile_flags_str + " " + compile_flag
                    if len(cuda_compile_flags_str) != 0:
                        cudaflags.append(f'-Xcompiler="{cuda_compile_flags_str}"')
            elif is_linux() or is_macOS():
                if is_linux():
                    ldflags = ["-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions", "-Wl,-z,relro", "-Wl,-z,now", "-Wl,-z,noexecstack"]
                else:
                    ldflags = []
                if config == "Release":
                    cflags = [
                        "-DNDEBUG",
                        "-Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2",
                        "-Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS",
                        "-fstack-protector-strong",
                        "-O3",
                        "-pipe",
                    ]
                    if is_linux():
                        ldflags += ["-Wl,--strip-all"]
                elif config == "RelWithDebInfo":
                    cflags = [
                        "-DNDEBUG",
                        "-Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2",
                        "-Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS",
                        "-fstack-protector-strong",
                        "-O3",
                        "-pipe",
                        "-ggdb3",
                    ]
                elif config == "Debug":
                    cflags = ["-ggdb3", "-O0"]
                    if args.enable_address_sanitizer:
                        cflags += ["-fsanitize=address"]
                        ldflags += ["-fsanitize=address"]
                elif config == "MinSizeRel":
                    cflags = [
                        "-DNDEBUG",
                        "-Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2",
                        "-Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS",
                        "-fstack-protector-strong",
                        "-Os",
                        "-pipe",
                        "-ggdb3",
                    ]
                if is_linux() and platform.machine() == "x86_64":
                    # The following flags needs GCC 8 and newer
                    cflags += ["-fstack-clash-protection"]
                    if not args.rv64:
                        cflags += ["-fcf-protection"]
                cxxflags = cflags.copy()
                if args.use_cuda:
                    cudaflags = cflags.copy()
        if cxxflags is None and cflags is not None and len(cflags) != 0:
            cxxflags = cflags.copy()
        config_build_dir = get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config)
        os.makedirs(config_build_dir, exist_ok=True)
        temp_cmake_args = cmake_args.copy()
        if cflags is not None and cxxflags is not None and len(cflags) != 0 and len(cxxflags) != 0:
            temp_cmake_args += [
                "-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS={}".format(" ".join(cflags)),
                "-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS={}".format(" ".join(cxxflags)),
            ]
        if cudaflags is not None and len(cudaflags) != 0:
            temp_cmake_args += ["-DCMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS_INIT={}".format(" ".join(cudaflags))]
        if ldflags is not None and len(ldflags) != 0:
            temp_cmake_args += [
                "-DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT={}".format(" ".join(ldflags)),
                "-DCMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT={}".format(" ".join(ldflags)),
                "-DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT={}".format(" ".join(ldflags)),
            ]
        env = {}
        if args.use_vcpkg:
            env["VCPKG_KEEP_ENV_VARS"] = "TRT_UPLOAD_AUTH_TOKEN"
        run_subprocess(
            [*temp_cmake_args, f"-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE={config}"],
            cwd=config_build_dir,
            cuda_home=cuda_home,
            env=env,
        )


def clean_targets(cmake_path, build_dir, configs):
    for config in configs:
        log.info("Cleaning targets for %s configuration", config)
        build_dir2 = get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config)
        cmd_args = [cmake_path, "--build", build_dir2, "--config", config, "--target", "clean"]

        run_subprocess(cmd_args)


def build_targets(args, cmake_path, build_dir, configs, num_parallel_jobs, target=None):
    for config in configs:
        log.info("Building targets for %s configuration", config)
        build_dir2 = get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config)
        cmd_args = [cmake_path, "--build", build_dir2, "--config", config]
        if target:
            cmd_args.extend(["--target", target])

        build_tool_args = []
        if num_parallel_jobs != 1:
            if is_windows() and args.cmake_generator != "Ninja" and not args.build_wasm:
                # https://github.com/Microsoft/checkedc-clang/wiki/Parallel-builds-of-clang-on-Windows suggests
                # not maxing out CL_MPCount
                # Start by having one less than num_parallel_jobs (default is num logical cores),
                # limited to a range of 1..15
                # that gives maxcpucount projects building using up to 15 cl.exe instances each
                build_tool_args += [
                    f"/maxcpucount:{num_parallel_jobs}",
                    # one less than num_parallel_jobs, at least 1, up to 15
                    f"/p:CL_MPCount={min(max(num_parallel_jobs - 1, 1), 15)}",
                    # if nodeReuse is true, msbuild processes will stay around for a bit after the build completes
                    "/nodeReuse:False",
                ]
            elif args.cmake_generator == "Xcode":
                build_tool_args += [
                    "-parallelizeTargets",
                    "-jobs",
                    str(num_parallel_jobs),
                ]
            else:
                build_tool_args += [f"-j{num_parallel_jobs}"]

        if build_tool_args:
            cmd_args += ["--"]
            cmd_args += build_tool_args

        env = {}
        if args.android:
            env["ANDROID_SDK_ROOT"] = args.android_sdk_path
            env["ANDROID_NDK_HOME"] = args.android_ndk_path

        run_subprocess(cmd_args, env=env)


def add_dir_if_exists(directory, dir_list):
    if os.path.isdir(directory):
        dir_list.append(directory)


def setup_cuda_vars(args):
    cuda_home = ""
    cudnn_home = ""

    if args.use_cuda:
        cuda_home = args.cuda_home if args.cuda_home else os.getenv("CUDA_HOME")
        cudnn_home = args.cudnn_home if args.cudnn_home else os.getenv("CUDNN_HOME")

        cuda_home_valid = cuda_home is not None and os.path.exists(cuda_home)
        cudnn_home_valid = cudnn_home is not None and os.path.exists(cudnn_home)

        if not cuda_home_valid or (not is_windows() and not cudnn_home_valid):
            raise BuildError(
                "cuda_home and cudnn_home paths must be specified and valid.",
                f"cuda_home='{cuda_home}' valid={cuda_home_valid}. cudnn_home='{cudnn_home}' valid={cudnn_home_valid}",
            )

    return cuda_home, cudnn_home


def setup_cann_vars(args):
    cann_home = ""

    if args.use_cann:
        cann_home = args.cann_home if args.cann_home else os.getenv("ASCEND_HOME_PATH")

        cann_home_valid = cann_home is not None and os.path.exists(cann_home)

        if not cann_home_valid:
            raise BuildError(
                "cann_home paths must be specified and valid.",
                f"cann_home='{cann_home}' valid={cann_home_valid}.",
            )

    return cann_home


def setup_tensorrt_vars(args):
    tensorrt_home = ""
    if args.use_tensorrt:
        tensorrt_home = args.tensorrt_home if args.tensorrt_home else os.getenv("TENSORRT_HOME")
        tensorrt_home_valid = tensorrt_home is not None and os.path.exists(tensorrt_home)
        if not tensorrt_home_valid:
            raise BuildError(
                "tensorrt_home paths must be specified and valid.",
                f"tensorrt_home='{tensorrt_home}' valid={tensorrt_home_valid}.",
            )

        # Set maximum workspace size in byte for
        # TensorRT (1GB = 1073741824 bytes).
        os.environ["ORT_TENSORRT_MAX_WORKSPACE_SIZE"] = "1073741824"

        # Set maximum number of iterations to detect unsupported nodes
        # and partition the models for TensorRT.
        os.environ["ORT_TENSORRT_MAX_PARTITION_ITERATIONS"] = "1000"

        # Set minimum subgraph node size in graph partitioning
        # for TensorRT.
        os.environ["ORT_TENSORRT_MIN_SUBGRAPH_SIZE"] = "1"

        # Set FP16 flag
        os.environ["ORT_TENSORRT_FP16_ENABLE"] = "0"

    return tensorrt_home


def setup_migraphx_vars(args):
    migraphx_home = None

    if args.use_migraphx:
        print(f"migraphx_home = {args.migraphx_home}")
        migraphx_home = args.migraphx_home or os.getenv("MIGRAPHX_HOME") or None

        migraphx_home_not_valid = migraphx_home and not os.path.exists(migraphx_home)

        if migraphx_home_not_valid:
            raise BuildError(
                "migraphx_home paths must be specified and valid.",
                f"migraphx_home='{migraphx_home}' valid={migraphx_home_not_valid}.",
            )
    return migraphx_home or ""


def setup_dml_build(args, cmake_path, build_dir, configs):
    if not args.use_dml:
        return

    if args.dml_path:
        for expected_file in ["bin/DirectML.dll", "lib/DirectML.lib", "include/DirectML.h"]:
            file_path = os.path.join(args.dml_path, expected_file)
            if not os.path.exists(file_path):
                raise BuildError("dml_path is invalid.", f"dml_path='{args.dml_path}' expected_file='{file_path}'.")
    elif not args.dml_external_project:
        for config in configs:
            # Run the RESTORE_PACKAGES target to perform the initial
            # NuGet setup.
            cmd_args = [
                cmake_path,
                "--build",
                get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config),
                "--config",
                config,
                "--target",
                "RESTORE_PACKAGES",
            ]
            run_subprocess(cmd_args)

    if args.minimal_build is not None:
        raise BuildError("use_dml and minimal_build may not both be set")


def setup_rocm_build(args):
    rocm_home = None
    if args.use_rocm:
        print(f"rocm_home = {args.rocm_home}")
        rocm_home = args.rocm_home or None
        rocm_home_not_valid = rocm_home and not os.path.exists(rocm_home)
        if rocm_home_not_valid:
            raise BuildError(
                "rocm_home paths must be specified and valid.",
                f"rocm_home='{rocm_home}' valid={rocm_home_not_valid}.",
            )
    return rocm_home or ""


def run_android_tests(args, source_dir, build_dir, config, cwd):
    if args.android_abi != "x86_64":
        log.info(f"--android_abi ({args.android_abi}) is not x86_64, skipping running of Android tests on emulator.")
        return

    sdk_tool_paths = android.get_sdk_tool_paths(args.android_sdk_path)
    device_dir = "/data/local/tmp"

    def adb_push(src, dest, **kwargs):
        return run_subprocess([sdk_tool_paths.adb, "push", src, dest], **kwargs)

    def adb_shell(*args, **kwargs):
        return run_subprocess([sdk_tool_paths.adb, "shell", *args], **kwargs)

    def adb_install(*args, **kwargs):
        return run_subprocess([sdk_tool_paths.adb, "install", *args], **kwargs)

    def run_adb_shell(cmd):
        # GCOV_PREFIX_STRIP specifies the depth of the directory hierarchy to strip and
        # GCOV_PREFIX specifies the root directory
        # for creating the runtime code coverage files.
        if args.code_coverage:
            adb_shell(f"cd {device_dir} && GCOV_PREFIX={device_dir} GCOV_PREFIX_STRIP={cwd.count(os.sep) + 1} {cmd}")
        else:
            adb_shell(f"cd {device_dir} && {cmd}")

    with contextlib.ExitStack() as context_stack:
        if args.android_run_emulator:
            avd_name = "ort_android"
            system_image = f"system-images;android-{args.android_api};default;{args.android_abi}"

            android.create_virtual_device(sdk_tool_paths, system_image, avd_name)
            emulator_proc = context_stack.enter_context(
                android.start_emulator(
                    sdk_tool_paths=sdk_tool_paths,
                    avd_name=avd_name,
                    extra_args=["-partition-size", "2047", "-wipe-data"],
                )
            )
            context_stack.callback(android.stop_emulator, emulator_proc)

        adb_push("testdata", device_dir, cwd=cwd)
        if is_linux() and os.path.exists("/data/onnx"):
            adb_push("/data/onnx", device_dir + "/test", cwd=cwd)
        else:
            test_data_dir = os.path.join(source_dir, "cmake", "external", "onnx", "onnx", "backend", "test")
            if os.path.exists(test_data_dir):
                adb_push(test_data_dir, device_dir + "/test", cwd=cwd)
        adb_push("onnxruntime_test_all", device_dir, cwd=cwd)
        adb_shell(f"chmod +x {device_dir}/onnxruntime_test_all")
        adb_push("onnx_test_runner", device_dir, cwd=cwd)
        adb_shell(f"chmod +x {device_dir}/onnx_test_runner")
        run_adb_shell(f"{device_dir}/onnxruntime_test_all")

        # remove onnxruntime_test_all as it takes up a _lot_ of space and can cause insufficient storage errors
        # when we try to copy the java app to the device.
        adb_shell(f"rm {device_dir}/onnxruntime_test_all")

        if args.build_java:
            # use the gradle wrapper under <repo root>/java
            gradle_executable = os.path.join(source_dir, "java", "gradlew.bat" if is_windows() else "gradlew")
            android_test_path = os.path.join(cwd, "java", "androidtest", "android")
            run_subprocess(
                [
                    gradle_executable,
                    "--no-daemon",
                    f"-DminSdkVer={args.android_api}",
                    "clean",
                    "connectedDebugAndroidTest",
                ],
                cwd=android_test_path,
            )

        if args.use_nnapi:
            run_adb_shell(f"{device_dir}/onnx_test_runner -e nnapi {device_dir}/test")
        else:
            run_adb_shell(f"{device_dir}/onnx_test_runner {device_dir}/test")

        # run shared_lib_test if necessary
        if args.build_shared_lib:
            adb_push("libonnxruntime.so", device_dir, cwd=cwd)
            adb_push("onnxruntime_shared_lib_test", device_dir, cwd=cwd)
            adb_push("libcustom_op_library.so", device_dir, cwd=cwd)
            adb_push("libcustom_op_get_const_input_test_library.so", device_dir, cwd=cwd)
            adb_push("onnxruntime_customopregistration_test", device_dir, cwd=cwd)
            adb_shell(f"chmod +x {device_dir}/onnxruntime_shared_lib_test")
            adb_shell(f"chmod +x {device_dir}/onnxruntime_customopregistration_test")
            run_adb_shell(f"LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:{device_dir} {device_dir}/onnxruntime_shared_lib_test")
            run_adb_shell(
                f"LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:{device_dir} {device_dir}/onnxruntime_customopregistration_test"
            )


def run_ios_tests(args, source_dir, config, cwd):
    is_targeting_iphone_simulator = "iphonesimulator" in args.apple_sysroot.lower()
    if not is_targeting_iphone_simulator:
        log.info(
            f"Could not detect iphonesimulator target from --apple_sysroot ({args.apple_sysroot}), "
            "skipping running of iOS tests on simulator."
        )
        return

    host_arch = platform.machine()
    if host_arch != args.osx_arch:
        log.info(
            f"Host arch ({host_arch}) and --osx_arch ({args.osx_arch}) mismatch, "
            "skipping running of iOS tests on simulator."
        )
        return

    simulator_device_info = subprocess.check_output(
        [
            sys.executable,
            os.path.join(source_dir, "tools", "ci_build", "github", "apple", "get_simulator_device_info.py"),
        ],
        text=True,
    ).strip()
    log.debug(f"Simulator device info:\n{simulator_device_info}")

    simulator_device_info = json.loads(simulator_device_info)

    xc_test_schemes = [
        "onnxruntime_test_all_xc",
    ]

    if args.build_shared_lib:
        xc_test_schemes += [
            "onnxruntime_shared_lib_test_xc",
            "onnxruntime_customopregistration_test_xc",
        ]

    for xc_test_scheme in xc_test_schemes:
        run_subprocess(
            [
                "xcodebuild",
                "test-without-building",
                "-project",
                "./onnxruntime.xcodeproj",
                "-configuration",
                config,
                "-scheme",
                xc_test_scheme,
                "-destination",
                f"platform=iOS Simulator,id={simulator_device_info['device_udid']}",
            ],
            cwd=cwd,
        )

    if args.build_apple_framework:
        package_test_py = os.path.join(source_dir, "tools", "ci_build", "github", "apple", "test_apple_packages.py")
        framework_info_file = os.path.join(cwd, "framework_info.json")
        dynamic_framework_dir = os.path.join(cwd, config + "-" + args.apple_sysroot)
        static_framework_dir = os.path.join(cwd, config + "-" + args.apple_sysroot, "static_framework")
        # test dynamic framework
        run_subprocess(
            [
                sys.executable,
                package_test_py,
                "--c_framework_dir",
                dynamic_framework_dir,
                "--framework_info_file",
                framework_info_file,
                "--variant",
                "Full",
                "--skip_macos_test",
            ],
            cwd=cwd,
        )
        # test static framework
        run_subprocess(
            [
                sys.executable,
                package_test_py,
                "--c_framework_dir",
                static_framework_dir,
                "--framework_info_file",
                framework_info_file,
                "--variant",
                "Full",
                "--skip_macos_test",
            ],
            cwd=cwd,
        )


def run_onnxruntime_tests(args, source_dir, ctest_path, build_dir, configs):
    for config in configs:
        log.info("Running tests for %s configuration", config)
        cwd = get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config)
        cwd = os.path.abspath(cwd)

        if args.android:
            run_android_tests(args, source_dir, build_dir, config, cwd)
            continue
        elif args.ios:
            run_ios_tests(args, source_dir, config, cwd)
            continue
        dll_path_list = []
        if args.use_tensorrt:
            dll_path_list.append(os.path.join(args.tensorrt_home, "lib"))

        dll_path = None
        if len(dll_path_list) > 0:
            dll_path = os.pathsep.join(dll_path_list)

        if not ctest_path and not is_windows():
            executables = ["onnxruntime_test_all", "onnxruntime_mlas_test"]
            if args.build_shared_lib:
                executables.append("onnxruntime_shared_lib_test")
                executables.append("onnxruntime_global_thread_pools_test")
                executables.append("onnxruntime_customopregistration_test")
            for exe in executables:
                test_output = f"--gtest_output=xml:{cwd}/{exe}.{config}.results.xml"
                run_subprocess([os.path.join(cwd, exe), test_output], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path)
        else:
            ctest_cmd = [ctest_path, "--build-config", config, "--verbose", "--timeout", args.test_all_timeout]
            run_subprocess(ctest_cmd, cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path)

        if args.enable_pybind:
            python_path = None

            # Disable python tests in a reduced build as we don't know which ops have been included and which
            # models can run.
            if is_reduced_ops_build(args) or args.minimal_build is not None:
                return

            if is_windows():
                cwd = os.path.join(cwd, config)

            if args.enable_transformers_tool_test and not args.disable_contrib_ops and not args.use_rocm:
                # PyTorch is required for transformers tests, and optional for some python tests.
                # Install cpu only version of torch when cuda is not enabled in Linux.
                extra = [] if args.use_cuda and is_linux() else ["--index-url", "https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu"]
                run_subprocess(
                    [sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", "torch", *extra],
                    cwd=cwd,
                    dll_path=dll_path,
                    python_path=python_path,
                )

            run_subprocess(
                [sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path, python_path=python_path
            )

            if not args.disable_contrib_ops:
                run_subprocess([sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_sparse_matmul.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path)

            if args.enable_symbolic_shape_infer_tests:
                run_subprocess(
                    [sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_symbolic_shape_infer.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path
                )

            # For CUDA or DML enabled builds test IOBinding feature
            if args.use_cuda or args.use_dml:
                log.info("Testing IOBinding feature")
                run_subprocess([sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_iobinding.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path)

            if args.use_cuda:
                log.info("Testing CUDA Graph feature")
                run_subprocess([sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_cudagraph.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path)

            if args.use_dml:
                log.info("Testing DML Graph feature")
                run_subprocess([sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_dmlgraph.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path)

            if not args.disable_ml_ops and not args.use_tensorrt:
                run_subprocess([sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_mlops.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path)

            if args.use_tensorrt:
                run_subprocess(
                    [sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_nested_control_flow_op.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path
                )

            try:
                import onnx  # noqa: F401

                onnx_test = True
            except ImportError as error:
                log.exception(error)
                log.warning("onnx is not installed. The ONNX tests will be skipped.")
                onnx_test = False

            if onnx_test:
                # Disable python onnx tests for TensorRT and CANN EP, because many tests are
                # not supported yet.
                if args.use_tensorrt or args.use_cann:
                    return

                run_subprocess(
                    [sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_backend.py"],
                    cwd=cwd,
                    dll_path=dll_path,
                    python_path=python_path,
                )

                if not args.disable_contrib_ops:
                    run_subprocess(
                        [sys.executable, "-m", "unittest", "discover", "-s", "quantization"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path
                    )
                    if args.enable_transformers_tool_test:
                        import google.protobuf
                        import numpy

                        numpy_init_version = numpy.__version__
                        pb_init_version = google.protobuf.__version__
                        run_subprocess(
                            [
                                sys.executable,
                                "-m",
                                "pip",
                                "install",
                                "-r",
                                "requirements/transformers-test/requirements.txt",
                            ],
                            cwd=SCRIPT_DIR,
                        )
                        run_subprocess([sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "--durations=0", "transformers"], cwd=cwd)
                        # Restore initial numpy/protobuf version in case other tests use it
                        run_subprocess([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", "numpy==" + numpy_init_version])
                        run_subprocess([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", "protobuf==" + pb_init_version])

                if not args.disable_ml_ops:
                    run_subprocess(
                        [sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_backend_mlops.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path
                    )

                run_subprocess(
                    [
                        sys.executable,
                        os.path.join(source_dir, "onnxruntime", "test", "onnx", "gen_test_models.py"),
                        "--output_dir",
                        "test_models",
                    ],
                    cwd=cwd,
                )

                if not args.skip_onnx_tests:
                    run_subprocess([os.path.join(cwd, "onnx_test_runner"), "test_models"], cwd=cwd)
                    if config != "Debug":
                        run_subprocess([sys.executable, "onnx_backend_test_series.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path)

            if not args.skip_keras_test:
                try:
                    import keras  # noqa: F401
                    import onnxmltools  # noqa: F401

                    onnxml_test = True
                except ImportError:
                    log.warning("onnxmltools and keras are not installed. The keras tests will be skipped.")
                    onnxml_test = False
                if onnxml_test:
                    run_subprocess([sys.executable, "onnxruntime_test_python_keras.py"], cwd=cwd, dll_path=dll_path)


def run_nodejs_tests(nodejs_binding_dir):
    args = ["npm", "test", "--", "--timeout=90000"]
    if is_windows():
        args = ["cmd", "/c", *args]
    run_subprocess(args, cwd=nodejs_binding_dir)


def build_python_wheel(
    source_dir,
    build_dir,
    configs,
    use_cuda,
    cuda_version,
    use_rocm,
    use_migraphx,
    rocm_version,
    use_dnnl,
    use_tensorrt,
    use_openvino,
    use_vitisai,
    use_acl,
    use_armnn,
    use_dml,
    use_cann,
    use_azure,
    use_qnn,
    wheel_name_suffix,
    enable_training,
    nightly_build=False,
    default_training_package_device=False,
    use_ninja=False,
    enable_training_apis=False,
    enable_rocm_profiling=False,
):
    for config in configs:
        cwd = get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config)
        if is_windows() and not use_ninja:
            cwd = os.path.join(cwd, config)

        args = [sys.executable, os.path.join(source_dir, "setup.py"), "bdist_wheel"]

        # Any combination of the following arguments can be applied
        if nightly_build:
            args.append("--nightly_build")
        if default_training_package_device:
            args.append("--default_training_package_device")
        if wheel_name_suffix:
            args.append(f"--wheel_name_suffix={wheel_name_suffix}")
        if enable_training:
            args.append("--enable_training")
        if enable_training_apis:
            args.append("--enable_training_apis")
        if enable_rocm_profiling:
            args.append("--enable_rocm_profiling")

        # The following arguments are mutually exclusive
        if use_cuda:
            # The following line assumes no other EP is enabled
            args.append("--wheel_name_suffix=gpu")
            if cuda_version:
                args.append(f"--cuda_version={cuda_version}")
        elif use_rocm:
            args.append("--use_rocm")
            if rocm_version:
                args.append(f"--rocm_version={rocm_version}")
            if use_migraphx:
                args.append("--use_migraphx")
        elif use_migraphx:
            args.append("--use_migraphx")
        elif use_openvino:
            args.append("--use_openvino")
        elif use_dnnl:
            args.append("--use_dnnl")
        elif use_vitisai:
            args.append("--use_vitisai")
        elif use_acl:
            args.append("--use_acl")
        elif use_armnn:
            args.append("--use_armnn")
        elif use_dml:
            args.append("--wheel_name_suffix=directml")
        elif use_cann:
            args.append("--use_cann")
        elif use_qnn:
            args.append("--use_qnn")
        elif use_azure:
            args.append("--use_azure")

        run_subprocess(args, cwd=cwd)


def build_nuget_package(
    cmake_path,
    source_dir,
    build_dir,
    configs,
    use_cuda,
    use_rocm,
    use_openvino,
    use_tensorrt,
    use_dnnl,
    use_winml,
    use_qnn,
    enable_training_apis,
    msbuild_extra_options,
):
    if not (is_windows() or is_linux()):
        raise BuildError(
            "Currently csharp builds and nuget package creation is only supported on Windows and Linux platforms."
        )

    csharp_build_dir = os.path.join(source_dir, "csharp")

    # in most cases we don't want/need to include the MAUI mobile targets, as doing so means the mobile workloads
    # must be installed on the machine.
    # they are only included in the Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime nuget package
    sln = "OnnxRuntime.DesktopOnly.CSharp.sln"
    have_exclude_mobile_targets_option = "IncludeMobileTargets=false" in msbuild_extra_options

    # derive package name and execution provider based on the build args
    target_name = "/t:CreatePackage"
    execution_provider = "/p:ExecutionProvider=None"
    package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime"
    enable_training_tests = "/p:TrainingEnabledNativeBuild=false"

    if enable_training_apis:
        enable_training_tests = "/p:TrainingEnabledNativeBuild=true"
        if use_cuda:
            package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Training.Gpu"
        else:
            package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Training"
    elif use_winml:
        package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Microsoft.AI.MachineLearning"
        target_name = "/t:CreateWindowsAIPackage"
    elif use_openvino:
        execution_provider = "/p:ExecutionProvider=openvino"
        package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Intel.ML.OnnxRuntime.OpenVino"
    elif use_tensorrt:
        execution_provider = "/p:ExecutionProvider=tensorrt"
        package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.TensorRT"
    elif use_dnnl:
        execution_provider = "/p:ExecutionProvider=dnnl"
        package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.DNNL"
    elif use_cuda:
        package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Gpu"
    elif use_rocm:
        package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.ROCm"
    elif use_qnn:
        if use_qnn != "shared_lib":
            raise BuildError("Currently NuGet packages with QNN require QNN EP to be built as a shared library.")
        execution_provider = "/p:ExecutionProvider=qnn"
        package_name = "/p:OrtPackageId=Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.QNN"
    elif any("OrtPackageId=" in x for x in msbuild_extra_options):
        pass
    else:
        # we currently only allow building with mobile targets on Windows.
        # it should be possible to allow building with android targets on Linux but that requires updating the
        # csproj to separate the inclusion of ios and android targets.
        if is_windows() and have_exclude_mobile_targets_option is False:
            # use the sln that include the mobile targets
            sln = "OnnxRuntime.CSharp.sln"

    # explicitly exclude mobile targets in this case
    if sln != "OnnxRuntime.CSharp.sln" and have_exclude_mobile_targets_option is False:
        msbuild_extra_options.append("IncludeMobileTargets=false")

    # expand extra_options to add prefix
    extra_options = ["/p:" + option for option in msbuild_extra_options]

    # we have to use msbuild directly if including Xamarin targets as dotnet only supports MAUI (.net6)
    use_dotnet = sln != "OnnxRuntime.CSharp.sln"

    # build csharp bindings and create nuget package for each config
    for config in configs:
        configuration = "/p:Configuration=" + config
        extra_options += [configuration, "/p:Platform=Any CPU"]
        if use_dotnet:
            cmd_args = ["dotnet", "restore", sln, "--configfile", "NuGet.CSharp.config", *extra_options]
        else:
            cmd_args = ["msbuild", sln, "/t:restore", "/p:RestoreConfigFile=NuGet.CSharp.config", *extra_options]

        # set build directory based on build_dir arg
        native_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(source_dir, build_dir))
        ort_build_dir = "/p:OnnxRuntimeBuildDirectory=" + native_dir

        run_subprocess(cmd_args, cwd=csharp_build_dir)

        if not use_winml:
            cmd_args = ["dotnet"] if use_dotnet else []
            cmd_args += [
                "msbuild",
                sln,
                package_name,
                ort_build_dir,
                enable_training_tests,
                *extra_options,
            ]

            run_subprocess(cmd_args, cwd=csharp_build_dir)
        else:
            winml_interop_dir = os.path.join(source_dir, "csharp", "src", "Microsoft.AI.MachineLearning.Interop")
            winml_interop_project = os.path.join(winml_interop_dir, "Microsoft.AI.MachineLearning.Interop.csproj")
            winml_interop_project = os.path.normpath(winml_interop_project)
            cmd_args = [
                "dotnet",
                "msbuild",
                winml_interop_project,
                configuration,
                "/p:Platform=Any CPU",
                ort_build_dir,
                "-restore",
            ]
            run_subprocess(cmd_args, cwd=csharp_build_dir)

        if is_windows():
            if not use_winml:
                # user needs to make sure nuget is installed and added to the path variable
                nuget_exe = "nuget.exe"
            else:
                # this path is setup by cmake/nuget_helpers.cmake for MSVC on Windows
                nuget_exe = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(native_dir, config, "nuget_exe", "src", "nuget.exe"))
        else:
            # `dotnet pack` is used on Linux
            nuget_exe = "NugetExe_not_set"

        nuget_exe_arg = '/p:NugetExe="' + nuget_exe + '"'

        cmd_args = ["dotnet"] if use_dotnet else []
        cmd_args += [
            "msbuild",
            "OnnxRuntime.CSharp.proj",
            target_name,
            package_name,
            execution_provider,
            ort_build_dir,
            nuget_exe_arg,
            *extra_options,
        ]

        run_subprocess(cmd_args, cwd=csharp_build_dir)

        log.info(f"nuget package was created in the {config} build output directory.")


def run_csharp_tests(
    source_dir,
    build_dir,
    use_cuda,
    use_openvino,
    use_tensorrt,
    use_dnnl,
    enable_training_apis,
    configs,
    msbuild_extra_options,
):
    # Currently only running tests on windows.
    if not is_windows():
        return
    csharp_source_dir = os.path.join(source_dir, "csharp")

    # define macros based on build args
    macros = ""
    if use_openvino:
        macros += "USE_OPENVINO;"
    if use_tensorrt:
        macros += "USE_TENSORRT;"
    if use_dnnl:
        macros += "USE_DNNL;"
    if use_cuda:
        macros += "USE_CUDA;"
    if enable_training_apis:
        macros += "__TRAINING_ENABLED_NATIVE_BUILD__;__ENABLE_TRAINING_APIS__"

    define_constants = ""
    if macros:
        define_constants = '/p:DefineConstants="' + macros + '"'

    # set build directory based on build_dir arg
    native_build_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(source_dir, build_dir))
    ort_build_dir = '/p:OnnxRuntimeBuildDirectory="' + native_build_dir + '"'
    # expand extra_options to add prefix
    extra_options = ["/p:" + option for option in msbuild_extra_options]
    for config in configs:
        extra_options.append("/p:Configuration=" + config)
        # Skip pretrained models test. Only run unit tests as part of the build
        # add "--verbosity", "detailed" to this command if required
        cmd_args = [
            "dotnet",
            "test",
            "test\\Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Tests.NetCoreApp\\Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Tests.NetCoreApp.csproj",
            "--filter",
            "FullyQualifiedName!=Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Tests.InferenceTest.TestPreTrainedModels",
            define_constants,
            ort_build_dir,
        ]
        cmd_args += extra_options
        run_subprocess(cmd_args, cwd=csharp_source_dir)


def generate_documentation(source_dir, build_dir, configs, validate):
    # Randomly choose one build config
    config = next(iter(configs))
    cwd = get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config)
    if is_windows():
        cwd = os.path.join(cwd, config)

    contrib_op_doc_path = os.path.join(source_dir, "docs", "ContribOperators.md")
    opkernel_doc_path = os.path.join(source_dir, "docs", "OperatorKernels.md")
    shutil.copy(os.path.join(source_dir, "tools", "python", "gen_contrib_doc.py"), cwd)
    shutil.copy(os.path.join(source_dir, "tools", "python", "gen_opkernel_doc.py"), cwd)
    # limit to just com.microsoft (excludes purely internal stuff like com.microsoft.nchwc).
    run_subprocess(
        [sys.executable, "gen_contrib_doc.py", "--output_path", contrib_op_doc_path, "--domains", "com.microsoft"],
        cwd=cwd,
    )
    # we currently limit the documentation created by a build to a subset of EP's.
    # Run get_opkernel_doc.py directly if you need/want documentation from other EPs that are enabled in the build.
    run_subprocess(
        [
            sys.executable,
            "gen_opkernel_doc.py",
            "--output_path",
            opkernel_doc_path,
            "--providers",
            "CPU",
            "CUDA",
            "DML",
        ],
        cwd=cwd,
    )

    if validate:
        try:
            have_diff = False

            def diff_file(path, regenerate_qualifiers=""):
                diff = subprocess.check_output(["git", "diff", "--ignore-blank-lines", path], cwd=source_dir).decode(
                    "utf-8"
                )
                if diff:
                    nonlocal have_diff
                    have_diff = True
                    log.warning(
                        f"The updated document {path} is different from the checked in version. "
                        f"Please regenerate the file{regenerate_qualifiers}, or copy the updated version from the "
                        "CI build's published artifacts if applicable."
                    )
                    log.debug("diff:\n" + diff)  # noqa: G003

            diff_file(opkernel_doc_path, " with CPU, CUDA and DML execution providers enabled")
            diff_file(contrib_op_doc_path)

            if have_diff:
                # Output for the CI to publish the updated md files as an artifact
                print("##vso[task.setvariable variable=DocUpdateNeeded]true")
                raise BuildError("Generated documents have diffs. Check build output for details.")

        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            raise BuildError("git diff returned non-zero error code")  # noqa: B904


def main():
    log.debug("Command line arguments:\n  {}".format(" ".join(shlex.quote(arg) for arg in sys.argv[1:])))  # noqa: G001

    args = parse_arguments()

    print(args)

    if os.getenv("ORT_BUILD_WITH_CACHE") == "1":
        args.use_cache = True

    # VCPKG's scripts/toolchains/android.cmake has logic for autodetecting NDK home when the ANDROID_NDK_HOME env is not set, but it is only implemented for Windows
    if args.android and args.use_vcpkg and args.android_ndk_path is not None and os.path.exists(args.android_ndk_path):
        os.environ["ANDROID_NDK_HOME"] = args.android_ndk_path

    if not is_windows():
        if not args.allow_running_as_root:
            is_root_user = os.geteuid() == 0
            if is_root_user:
                raise BuildError(
                    "Running as root is not allowed. If you really want to do that, use '--allow_running_as_root'."
                )

    cmake_extra_defines = normalize_arg_list(args.cmake_extra_defines)
    cross_compiling = args.arm or args.arm64 or args.arm64ec or args.android

    if args.enable_address_sanitizer:
        # Disable ONNX Runtime's builtin memory checker
        args.disable_memleak_checker = True

    if args.enable_generic_interface:
        args.test = False

    # If there was no explicit argument saying what to do, default
    # to update, build and test (for native builds).
    if not (args.update or args.clean or args.build or args.test or args.gen_doc):
        log.debug("Defaulting to running update, build [and test for native builds].")
        args.update = True
        args.build = True
        if cross_compiling:
            args.test = args.android_abi == "x86_64" or args.android_abi == "arm64-v8a"
        else:
            args.test = True

    if args.skip_tests:
        args.test = False

    if args.use_tensorrt:
        args.use_cuda = True

    if args.build_wheel or args.gen_doc or args.enable_training:
        args.enable_pybind = True

    if (
        args.build_csharp
        or args.build_nuget
        or args.build_java
        or args.build_nodejs
        or (args.enable_pybind and not args.enable_training)
    ):
        # If pyhon bindings are enabled, we embed the shared lib in the python package.
        # If training is enabled, we don't embed the shared lib in the python package since training requires
        # torch interop.
        args.build_shared_lib = True

    if args.enable_pybind:
        if args.disable_rtti:
            raise BuildError("Python bindings use typeid so you can't disable RTTI")

        if args.disable_exceptions:
            raise BuildError("Python bindings require exceptions to be enabled.")

        if args.minimal_build is not None:
            raise BuildError("Python bindings are not supported in a minimal build.")

    if args.nnapi_min_api:
        if not args.use_nnapi:
            raise BuildError("Using --nnapi_min_api requires --use_nnapi")
        if args.nnapi_min_api < 27:
            raise BuildError("--nnapi_min_api should be 27+")

    if args.build_wasm_static_lib:
        args.build_wasm = True

    if args.build_wasm:
        if not args.disable_wasm_exception_catching and args.disable_exceptions:
            # When '--disable_exceptions' is set, we set '--disable_wasm_exception_catching' as well
            args.disable_wasm_exception_catching = True
        if args.test and args.disable_wasm_exception_catching and not args.minimal_build:
            raise BuildError("WebAssembly tests need exception catching enabled to run if it's not minimal build")
        if args.test and args.enable_wasm_debug_info:
            # With flag --enable_wasm_debug_info, onnxruntime_test_all.wasm will be very huge (>1GB). This will fail
            # Node.js when trying to load the .wasm file.
            # To debug ONNX Runtime WebAssembly, use ONNX Runtime Web to debug ort-wasm.wasm in browsers.
            raise BuildError("WebAssembly tests cannot be enabled with flag --enable_wasm_debug_info")

        if args.wasm_malloc is not None:
            # mark --wasm_malloc as deprecated
            log.warning(
                "Flag '--wasm_malloc=<Value>' is deprecated. Please use '--emscripten_settings MALLOC=<Value>'."
            )

    if args.code_coverage and not args.android:
        raise BuildError("Using --code_coverage requires --android")

    if args.gen_api_doc and len(args.config) != 1:
        raise BuildError("Using --get-api-doc requires a single build config")

    # Disabling unit tests for GPU on nuget creation
    if args.use_openvino and args.use_openvino != "CPU" and args.build_nuget:
        args.test = False

    # GDK builds don't support testing
    if args.use_gdk:
        args.test = False

    # enable_training is a higher level flag that enables all training functionality.
    if args.enable_training:
        args.enable_training_apis = True
        args.enable_training_ops = True

    configs = set(args.config)

    # setup paths and directories
    # cmake_path and ctest_path can be None. For example, if a person only wants to run the tests, he/she doesn't need
    # to have cmake/ctest.
    cmake_path = resolve_executable_path(args.cmake_path)
    ctest_path = resolve_executable_path(args.ctest_path)
    build_dir = args.build_dir
    script_dir = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
    source_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(script_dir, "..", ".."))

    # if using cuda, setup cuda paths and env vars
    cuda_home = ""
    cudnn_home = ""
    if args.use_cuda:
        cuda_home, cudnn_home = setup_cuda_vars(args)

    mpi_home = args.mpi_home
    nccl_home = args.nccl_home

    snpe_root = args.snpe_root

    acl_home = args.acl_home
    acl_libs = args.acl_libs

    armnn_home = args.armnn_home
    armnn_libs = args.armnn_libs

    qnn_home = ""
    if args.use_qnn:
        qnn_home = args.qnn_home

    # if using tensorrt, setup tensorrt paths
    tensorrt_home = ""
    if args.use_tensorrt:
        tensorrt_home = setup_tensorrt_vars(args)

    # if using migraphx, setup migraphx paths
    migraphx_home = setup_migraphx_vars(args)

    # if using rocm, setup rocm paths
    rocm_home = setup_rocm_build(args)

    # if using cann, setup cann paths
    cann_home = setup_cann_vars(args)

    if args.update or args.build:
        for config in configs:
            os.makedirs(get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config), exist_ok=True)

    log.info("Build started")

    if args.update:
        if is_reduced_ops_build(args):
            from reduce_op_kernels import reduce_ops

            is_extended_minimal_build_or_higher = args.minimal_build is None or "extended" in args.minimal_build
            for config in configs:
                reduce_ops(
                    config_path=args.include_ops_by_config,
                    build_dir=get_config_build_dir(build_dir, config),
                    enable_type_reduction=args.enable_reduced_operator_type_support,
                    use_cuda=args.use_cuda,
                    is_extended_minimal_build_or_higher=is_extended_minimal_build_or_higher,
                )

        cmake_extra_args = []
        path_to_protoc_exe = None
        if args.path_to_protoc_exe:
            path_to_protoc_exe = Path(args.path_to_protoc_exe)
            if not path_to_protoc_exe.exists():
                raise BuildError("The value to --path_to_protoc_exe is invalid.")
        if not args.skip_submodule_sync:
            update_submodules(source_dir)
        if is_windows() and not args.build_wasm:
            cpu_arch = platform.architecture()[0]
            if args.cmake_generator == "Ninja":
                if cpu_arch == "32bit" or args.arm or args.arm64 or args.arm64ec:
                    raise BuildError(
                        "To cross-compile with Ninja, load the toolset "
                        "environment for the target processor (e.g. Cross "
                        "Tools Command Prompt for VS)"
                    )
                cmake_extra_args = ["-G", args.cmake_generator]
            elif args.arm or args.arm64 or args.arm64ec:
                if args.arm:
                    cmake_extra_args = ["-A", "ARM"]
                elif args.arm64:
                    cmake_extra_args = ["-A", "ARM64"]
                    if args.buildasx:
                        cmake_extra_args += ["-D", "BUILD_AS_ARM64X=ARM64"]
                elif args.arm64ec:
                    cmake_extra_args = ["-A", "ARM64EC"]
                    if args.buildasx:
                        cmake_extra_args += ["-D", "BUILD_AS_ARM64X=ARM64EC"]
                cmake_extra_args += ["-G", args.cmake_generator]
                # Cannot test on host build machine for cross-compiled
                # builds (Override any user-defined behavior for test if any)
                if args.test:
                    log.warning(
                        "Cannot test on host build machine for cross-compiled "
                        "ARM(64) builds. Will skip test running after build."
                    )
                    args.test = False
            else:
                target_arch = platform.machine()
                if target_arch == "AMD64":
                    if cpu_arch == "32bit" or args.x86:
                        target_arch = "Win32"
                    else:
                        target_arch = "x64"
                    host_arch = "x64"
                elif target_arch == "ARM64":
                    host_arch = "ARM64"
                else:
                    raise BuildError("unknown python arch")
                if args.msvc_toolset:
                    toolset = "host=" + host_arch + ",version=" + args.msvc_toolset
                else:
                    toolset = "host=" + host_arch
                if args.use_cuda and args.cuda_version:
                    toolset += ",cuda=" + args.cuda_version
                elif args.use_cuda and args.cuda_home:
                    toolset += ",cuda=" + args.cuda_home
                if args.windows_sdk_version:
                    target_arch += ",version=" + args.windows_sdk_version
                cmake_extra_args = ["-A", target_arch, "-T", toolset, "-G", args.cmake_generator]
            if args.enable_wcos:
                cmake_extra_defines.append("CMAKE_USER_MAKE_RULES_OVERRIDE=wcos_rules_override.cmake")

        elif args.cmake_generator is not None:
            cmake_extra_args += ["-G", args.cmake_generator]

        if is_macOS():
            if (
                not (args.ios or args.visionos)
                and args.macos != "Catalyst"
                and not args.android
                and args.osx_arch == "arm64"
                and platform.machine() == "x86_64"
            ):
                if args.test:
                    log.warning("Cannot test ARM64 build on X86_64. Will skip test running after build.")
                    args.test = False

        if args.build_wasm:
            if is_windows() and platform.architecture()[0] == "32bit":
                raise BuildError("Please use a 64-bit python to run this script")
            if args.build_wheel or args.enable_pybind:
                raise BuildError("WASM does not support pybind")
            emsdk_version = args.emsdk_version
            emsdk_dir = os.path.join(source_dir, "cmake", "external", "emsdk")
            emsdk_file = os.path.join(emsdk_dir, "emsdk.bat") if is_windows() else os.path.join(emsdk_dir, "emsdk")

            log.info("Installing emsdk...")
            run_subprocess([emsdk_file, "install", emsdk_version], cwd=emsdk_dir)
            log.info("Activating emsdk...")
            run_subprocess([emsdk_file, "activate", emsdk_version], cwd=emsdk_dir)

        if args.enable_pybind and is_windows():
            run_subprocess(
                [sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", "-r", "requirements/pybind/requirements.txt"],
                cwd=SCRIPT_DIR,
            )

        if args.use_rocm and args.rocm_version is None:
            args.rocm_version = ""

        if args.enable_external_custom_op_schemas and not is_linux():
            raise BuildError("Registering external custom op schemas is only supported on Linux.")

        generate_build_tree(
            cmake_path,
            source_dir,
            build_dir,
            cuda_home,
            cudnn_home,
            rocm_home,
            mpi_home,
            nccl_home,
            tensorrt_home,
            migraphx_home,
            acl_home,
            acl_libs,
            armnn_home,
            armnn_libs,
            qnn_home,
            snpe_root,
            cann_home,
            path_to_protoc_exe,
            configs,
            cmake_extra_defines,
            args,
            cmake_extra_args,
        )

    if args.clean:
        clean_targets(cmake_path, build_dir, configs)

    # if using DML, perform initial nuget package restore
    setup_dml_build(args, cmake_path, build_dir, configs)

    if args.build:
        if args.parallel < 0:
            raise BuildError(f"Invalid parallel job count: {args.parallel}")
        num_parallel_jobs = number_of_parallel_jobs(args)
        build_targets(args, cmake_path, build_dir, configs, num_parallel_jobs, args.target)

    if args.test:
        if args.enable_onnx_tests:
            source_onnx_model_dir = "C:\\local\\models" if is_windows() else "/data/models"
            setup_test_data(source_onnx_model_dir, "models", build_dir, configs)

        run_onnxruntime_tests(args, source_dir, ctest_path, build_dir, configs)

        # run node.js binding tests
        if args.build_nodejs and not args.skip_nodejs_tests:
            nodejs_binding_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(source_dir, "js", "node"))
            run_nodejs_tests(nodejs_binding_dir)

    # Build packages after running the tests.
    # NOTE: if you have a test that rely on a file which only get copied/generated during packaging step, it could
    # fail unexpectedly. Similar, if your packaging step forgot to copy a file into the package, we don't know it
    # either.
    if args.build:
        # TODO: find asan DLL and copy it to onnxruntime/capi folder when args.enable_address_sanitizer is True and
        #  the target OS is Windows
        if args.build_wheel:
            nightly_build = bool(os.getenv("NIGHTLY_BUILD") == "1")
            default_training_package_device = bool(os.getenv("DEFAULT_TRAINING_PACKAGE_DEVICE") == "1")
            build_python_wheel(
                source_dir,
                build_dir,
                configs,
                args.use_cuda,
                args.cuda_version,
                args.use_rocm,
                args.use_migraphx,
                args.rocm_version,
                args.use_dnnl,
                args.use_tensorrt,
                args.use_openvino,
                args.use_vitisai,
                args.use_acl,
                args.use_armnn,
                args.use_dml,
                args.use_cann,
                args.use_azure,
                args.use_qnn,
                args.wheel_name_suffix,
                args.enable_training,
                nightly_build=nightly_build,
                default_training_package_device=default_training_package_device,
                use_ninja=(args.cmake_generator == "Ninja"),
                enable_training_apis=args.enable_training_apis,
                enable_rocm_profiling=args.enable_rocm_profiling,
            )

        if args.build_nuget:
            build_nuget_package(
                cmake_path,
                source_dir,
                build_dir,
                configs,
                args.use_cuda,
                args.use_rocm,
                args.use_openvino,
                args.use_tensorrt,
                args.use_dnnl,
                args.use_winml,
                args.use_qnn,
                args.enable_training_apis,
                normalize_arg_list(args.msbuild_extra_options),
            )

    if args.test and args.build_nuget:
        run_csharp_tests(
            source_dir,
            build_dir,
            args.use_cuda,
            args.use_openvino,
            args.use_tensorrt,
            args.use_dnnl,
            args.enable_training_apis,
            configs,
            normalize_arg_list(args.msbuild_extra_options),
        )

    if args.gen_doc:
        # special case CI where we create the build config separately to building
        if args.update and not args.build:
            pass
        else:
            # assumes build has occurred for easier use in CI where we don't always build via build.py and need to run
            # documentation generation as a separate task post-build
            generate_documentation(source_dir, build_dir, configs, args.gen_doc == "validate")

    if args.gen_api_doc and (args.build or args.test):
        print("Generating Python doc for ORTModule...")
        docbuild_dir = os.path.join(source_dir, "tools", "doc")
        run_subprocess(
            ["bash", "builddoc.sh", os.path.dirname(sys.executable), source_dir, build_dir, args.config[0]],
            cwd=docbuild_dir,
        )

    log.info("Build complete")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        sys.exit(main())
    except BaseError as e:
        log.error(str(e))
        sys.exit(1)