[HLSL] Implement array temporary support (#79382)

HLSL constant sized array function parameters do not decay to pointers.
Instead constant sized array types are preserved as unique types for
overload resolution, template instantiation and name mangling.

This implements the change by adding a new `ArrayParameterType` which
represents a non-decaying `ConstantArrayType`. The new type behaves the
same as `ConstantArrayType` except that it does not decay to a pointer.

Values of `ConstantArrayType` in HLSL decay during overload resolution
via a new `HLSLArrayRValue` cast to `ArrayParameterType`.

`ArrayParamterType` values are passed indirectly by-value to functions
in IR generation resulting in callee generated memcpy instructions.

The behavior of HLSL function calls is documented in the [draft language
specification](https://microsoft.github.io/hlsl-specs/specs/hlsl.pdf)
under the Expr.Post.Call heading.

Additionally the design of this implementation approach is documented in
[Clang's
documentation](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/HLSL/FunctionCalls.html)

Resolves #70123

Author: llvm-beanz

clang/docs/HLSL/FunctionCalls.rst

@@ -157,22 +157,23 @@ Clang Implementation
   of the changes in the prototype implementation are restoring Clang-3.7 code
   that was previously modified to its original state.
 
-The implementation in clang depends on two new AST nodes and minor extensions to
-Clang's existing support for Objective-C write-back arguments. The goal of this
-design is to capture the semantic details of HLSL function calls in the AST, and
-minimize the amount of magic that needs to occur during IR generation.
-
-The two new AST nodes are ``HLSLArrayTemporaryExpr`` and ``HLSLOutParamExpr``,
-which respectively represent the temporaries used for passing arrays by value
-and the temporaries created for function outputs.
+The implementation in clang adds a new non-decaying array type, a new AST node
+to represent output parameters, and minor extensions to Clang's existing support
+for Objective-C write-back arguments. The goal of this design is to capture the
+semantic details of HLSL function calls in the AST, and minimize the amount of
+magic that needs to occur during IR generation.
 
 Array Temporaries
 -----------------
 
-The ``HLSLArrayTemporaryExpr`` represents temporary values for input
-constant-sized array arguments. This applies for all constant-sized array
-arguments regardless of whether or not the parameter is constant-sized or
-unsized.
+The new ``ArrayParameterType`` is a sub-class of ``ConstantArrayType``
+inheriting all the behaviors and methods of the parent except that it does not
+decay to a pointer during overload resolution or template type deduction.
+
+An argument of ``ConstantArrayType`` can be implicitly converted to an
+equivalent non-decayed ``ArrayParameterType`` if the underlying canonical
+``ConstantArrayType`` is the same. This occurs during overload resolution
+instead of array to pointer decay.
 
 .. code-block:: c++
 
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ In the example above, the following AST is generated for the call to
   CallExpr 'void'
   |-ImplicitCastExpr 'void (*)(float [4])' <FunctionToPointerDecay>
   | `-DeclRefExpr 'void (float [4])' lvalue Function 'SizedArray' 'void (float [4])'
-  `-HLSLArrayTemporaryExpr 'float [4]'
+  `-ImplicitCastExpr 'float [4]' <HLSLArrayRValue>
     `-DeclRefExpr 'float [4]' lvalue Var 'arr' 'float [4]'
 
 In the example above, the following AST is generated for the call to
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ In the example above, the following AST is generated for the call to
   CallExpr 'void'
   |-ImplicitCastExpr 'void (*)(float [])' <FunctionToPointerDecay>
   | `-DeclRefExpr 'void (float [])' lvalue Function 'UnsizedArray' 'void (float [])'
-  `-HLSLArrayTemporaryExpr 'float [4]'
+  `-ImplicitCastExpr 'float [4]' <HLSLArrayRValue>
     `-DeclRefExpr 'float [4]' lvalue Var 'arr' 'float [4]'
 
 In both of these cases the argument expression is of known array size so we can
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ An expected AST should be something like:
   CallExpr 'void'
   |-ImplicitCastExpr 'void (*)(float [])' <FunctionToPointerDecay>
   | `-DeclRefExpr 'void (float [])' lvalue Function 'UnsizedArray' 'void (float [])'
-  `-HLSLArrayTemporaryExpr 'float [4]'
+  `-ImplicitCastExpr 'float [4]' <HLSLArrayRValue>
     `-DeclRefExpr 'float [4]' lvalue Var 'arr' 'float [4]'
 
 Out Parameter Temporaries

clang/include/clang/AST/ASTContext.h

@@ -260,6 +260,9 @@ class ASTContext : public RefCountedBase<ASTContext> {
                                      ASTContext&>
     SubstTemplateTemplateParmPacks;
 
+  mutable llvm::ContextualFoldingSet<ArrayParameterType, ASTContext &>
+      ArrayParameterTypes;
+
   /// The set of nested name specifiers.
   ///
   /// This set is managed by the NestedNameSpecifier class.
@@ -1367,6 +1370,10 @@ class ASTContext : public RefCountedBase<ASTContext> {
   /// type to the decayed type.
   QualType getDecayedType(QualType Orig, QualType Decayed) const;
 
+  /// Return the uniqued reference to a specified array parameter type from the
+  /// original array type.
+  QualType getArrayParameterType(QualType Ty) const;
+
   /// Return the uniqued reference to the atomic type for the specified
   /// type.
   QualType getAtomicType(QualType T) const;