diff --git a/backbone.js b/backbone.js index 1e1f964a9..188567dd2 100644 --- a/backbone.js +++ b/backbone.js @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -// Backbone.js 1.0.0 +// Backbone.js 2.0.0 // (c) 2010-2011 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc. // (c) 2011-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors @@ -6,1577 +6,1639 @@ // For all details and documentation: // http://backbonejs.org -(function(){ - - // Initial Setup - // ------------- - - // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `exports` - // on the server). - var root = this; - - // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be - // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used. - var previousBackbone = root.Backbone; - - // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later. - var array = []; - var push = array.push; - var slice = array.slice; - var splice = array.splice; - - // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will - // be attached to this. Exported for both the browser and the server. - var Backbone; - if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') { - Backbone = exports; - } else { - Backbone = root.Backbone = {}; - } - - // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`. - Backbone.VERSION = '1.0.0'; - - // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present. - var _ = root._; - if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore'); - - // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns - // the `$` variable. - Backbone.$ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$; - - // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable - // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object. - Backbone.noConflict = function() { - root.Backbone = previousBackbone; - return this; - }; - - // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option - // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and - // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header. - Backbone.emulateHTTP = false; - - // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct - // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as - // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a - // form param named `model`. - Backbone.emulateJSON = false; - - // Backbone.Events - // --------------- - - // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with - // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback - // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in - // succession. - // - // var object = {}; - // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); - // object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); }); - // object.trigger('expand'); - // - var Events = Backbone.Events = { - - // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind - // the callback to all events fired. - on: function(name, callback, context) { - if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; - this._events || (this._events = {}); - var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []); - events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this}); - return this; - }, - - // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time - // the callback is invoked, it will be removed. - once: function(name, callback, context) { - if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; - var self = this; - var once = _.once(function() { - self.off(name, once); - callback.apply(this, arguments); - }); - once._callback = callback; - return this.on(name, once, context); - }, - - // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all - // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all - // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound - // callbacks for all events. - off: function(name, callback, context) { - var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k; - if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this; - if (!name && !callback && !context) { - this._events = {}; - return this; - } - - names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events); - for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { - name = names[i]; - if (events = this._events[name]) { - this._events[name] = retain = []; - if (callback || context) { - for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) { - ev = events[j]; - if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) || - (context && context !== ev.context)) { - retain.push(ev); - } - } - } - if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name]; - } - } - - return this; - }, - - // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are - // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name - // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to - // receive the true name of the event as the first argument). - trigger: function(name) { - if (!this._events) return this; - var args = slice.call(arguments, 1); - if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this; - var events = this._events[name]; - var allEvents = this._events.all; - if (events) triggerEvents(events, args); - if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments); - return this; - }, - - // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or - // to every object it's currently listening to. - stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) { - var listeners = this._listeners; - if (!listeners) return this; - var deleteListener = !name && !callback; - if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; - if (obj) (listeners = {})[obj._listenerId] = obj; - for (var id in listeners) { - listeners[id].off(name, callback, this); - if (deleteListener) delete this._listeners[id]; - } - return this; - } +(function () { - }; + // Initial Setup + // ------------- - // Regular expression used to split event strings. - var eventSplitter = /\s+/; + // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `exports` + // on the server). + var root = this; - // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event - // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}` - // in terms of the existing API. - var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) { - if (!name) return true; + // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be + // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used. + var previousBackbone = root.Backbone; - // Handle event maps. - if (typeof name === 'object') { - for (var key in name) { - obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest)); - } - return false; - } + // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later. + var array = []; + var push = array.push; + var slice = array.slice; + var splice = array.splice; - // Handle space separated event names. - if (eventSplitter.test(name)) { - var names = name.split(eventSplitter); - for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { - obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest)); - } - return false; + // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will + // be attached to this. Exported for both the browser and the server. + var Backbone; + if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') { + Backbone = exports; + } else { + Backbone = root.Backbone = {}; } - return true; - }; - - // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for - // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal - // Backbone events have 3 arguments). - var triggerEvents = function(events, args) { - var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2]; - switch (args.length) { - case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return; - case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return; - case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return; - case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return; - default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); - } - }; - - var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'}; - - // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to - // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's - // listening to. - _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) { - Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) { - var listeners = this._listeners || (this._listeners = {}); - var id = obj._listenerId || (obj._listenerId = _.uniqueId('l')); - listeners[id] = obj; - if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; - obj[implementation](name, callback, this); - return this; - }; - }); - - // Aliases for backwards compatibility. - Events.bind = Events.on; - Events.unbind = Events.off; - - // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who - // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place. - _.extend(Backbone, Events); - - // Backbone.Model - // -------------- - - // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework -- - // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server. - // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for - // performing computations and transformations on that data. - - // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`) - // is automatically generated and assigned for you. - var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) { - var defaults; - var attrs = attributes || {}; - options || (options = {}); - this.cid = _.uniqueId('c'); - this.attributes = {}; - if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection; - if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {}; - options._attrs || (options._attrs = attrs); - if (defaults = _.result(this, 'defaults')) { - attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, defaults); - } - this.set(attrs, options); - this.changed = {}; - this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); - }; - - // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype. - _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, { - - // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ. - changed: null, - - // The value returned during the last failed validation. - validationError: null, - - // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and - // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`. - idAttribute: 'id', - - // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own - // initialization logic. - initialize: function(){}, - - // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object. - toJSON: function(options) { - return _.clone(this.attributes); - }, - - // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need - // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model. - sync: function() { - return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); - }, - - // Get the value of an attribute. - get: function(attr) { - return this.attributes[attr]; - }, - - // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute. - escape: function(attr) { - return _.escape(this.get(attr)); - }, - - // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null - // or undefined. - has: function(attr) { - return this.get(attr) != null; - }, - - // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is - // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying - // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast. - set: function(key, val, options) { - var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current; - if (key == null) return this; - - // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. - if (typeof key === 'object') { - attrs = key; - options = val; - } else { - (attrs = {})[key] = val; - } - - options || (options = {}); - - // Run validation. - if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; - - // Extract attributes and options. - unset = options.unset; - silent = options.silent; - changes = []; - changing = this._changing; - this._changing = true; - - if (!changing) { - this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); - this.changed = {}; - } - current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes; - - // Check for changes of `id`. - if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute]; - - // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value. - for (attr in attrs) { - val = attrs[attr]; - if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr); - if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) { - this.changed[attr] = val; - } else { - delete this.changed[attr]; - } - unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val; - } - - // Trigger all relevant attribute changes. - if (!silent) { - if (changes.length) this._pending = true; - for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) { - this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options); - } - } - - // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can - // be recursively nested within `"change"` events. - if (changing) return this; - if (!silent) { - while (this._pending) { - this._pending = false; - this.trigger('change', this, options); - } - } - this._pending = false; - this._changing = false; - return this; - }, - - // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop - // if the attribute doesn't exist. - unset: function(attr, options) { - return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); - }, - - // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`. - clear: function(options) { - var attrs = {}; - for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0; - return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); - }, - - // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event. - // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed. - hasChanged: function(attr) { - if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed); - return _.has(this.changed, attr); - }, - - // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or - // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what - // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be - // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined. - // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model, - // determining if there *would be* a change. - changedAttributes: function(diff) { - if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false; - var val, changed = false; - var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes; - for (var attr in diff) { - if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue; - (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val; - } - return changed; - }, - - // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last - // `"change"` event was fired. - previous: function(attr) { - if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null; - return this._previousAttributes[attr]; - }, - - // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous - // `"change"` event. - previousAttributes: function() { - return _.clone(this._previousAttributes); - }, - - // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the - // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden, - // triggering a `"change"` event. - fetch: function(options) { - options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; - if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; - var model = this; - var success = options.success; - options.success = function(resp) { - if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false; - if (success) success(model, resp, options); - model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); - }; - wrapError(this, options); - return this.sync('read', this, options); - }, - - // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server. - // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's - // state will be `set` again. - save: function(key, val, options) { - var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes; - - // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. - if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') { - attrs = key; - options = val; - } else { - (attrs = {})[key] = val; - } - - options = _.extend({validate: true}, options); - - // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as - // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if - // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set. - if (attrs && !options.wait) { - if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false; - } else { - if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; - } - - // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`. - if (attrs && options.wait) { - this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs); - } - - // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally) - // updated with the server-side state. - if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; - var model = this; - var success = options.success; - options.success = function(resp) { - // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves. - model.attributes = attributes; - var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options); - if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs); - if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) { - return false; - } - if (success) success(model, resp, options); - model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); - }; - wrapError(this, options); - - method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update'); - if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs; - xhr = this.sync(method, this, options); - - // Restore attributes. - if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes; - - return xhr; - }, - - // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. - // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one. - // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal. - destroy: function(options) { - options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; - var model = this; - var success = options.success; - - var destroy = function() { - model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options); - }; - - options.success = function(resp) { - if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy(); - if (success) success(model, resp, options); - if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); - }; - - if (this.isNew()) { - options.success(); - return false; - } - wrapError(this, options); - - var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options); - if (!options.wait) destroy(); - return xhr; - }, - - // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're - // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint - // that will be called. - url: function() { - var base = _.result(this, 'urlRoot') || _.result(this.collection, 'url') || urlError(); - if (this.isNew()) return base; - return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) === '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id); - }, - - // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on - // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along. - parse: function(resp, options) { - return resp; - }, - - // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one. - clone: function() { - return new this.constructor(this.attributes); - }, - - // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id. - isNew: function() { - return this.id == null; - }, - - // Check if the model is currently in a valid state. - isValid: function(options) { - return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true })); - }, - - // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes, - // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event. - _validate: function(attrs, options) { - if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true; - attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs); - var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null; - if (!error) return true; - this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error})); - return false; - } + // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`. + Backbone.VERSION = '1.0.0'; - }); + // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present. + var _ = root._; + if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore'); - // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model. - var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit']; + // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns + // the `$` variable. + Backbone.$ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$; - // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`. - _.each(modelMethods, function(method) { - Model.prototype[method] = function() { - var args = slice.call(arguments); - args.unshift(this.attributes); - return _[method].apply(_, args); + // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable + // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object. + Backbone.noConflict = function () { + root.Backbone = previousBackbone; + return this; }; - }); - - // Backbone.Collection - // ------------------- - - // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is - // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that - // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason - // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents - // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain - // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`. - - // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`. - // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain - // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed. - var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) { - options || (options = {}); - if (options.model) this.model = options.model; - if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator; - this._reset(); - this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); - if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); - }; - - // Default options for `Collection#set`. - var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true}; - var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false}; - - // Define the Collection's inheritable methods. - _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, { - - // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**. - // This should be overridden in most cases. - model: Model, - - // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own - // initialization logic. - initialize: function(){}, - - // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the - // models' attributes. - toJSON: function(options) { - return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); }); - }, - - // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default. - sync: function() { - return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); - }, - - // Add a model, or list of models to the set. - add: function(models, options) { - return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions)); - }, - - // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. - remove: function(models, options) { - models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models]; - options || (options = {}); - var i, l, index, model; - for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { - model = this.get(models[i]); - if (!model) continue; - delete this._byId[model.id]; - delete this._byId[model.cid]; - index = this.indexOf(model); - this.models.splice(index, 1); - this.length--; - if (!options.silent) { - options.index = index; - model.trigger('remove', model, this, options); - } - this._removeReference(model); - } - return this; - }, - - // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones, - // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that - // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**, - // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection. - set: function(models, options) { - options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions); - if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options); - if (!_.isArray(models)) models = models ? [models] : []; - var i, l, model, attrs, existing, sort; - var at = options.at; - var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false; - var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null; - var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {}; - var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove; - var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false; - - // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models - // from being added. - for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { - if (!(model = this._prepareModel(attrs = models[i], options))) continue; - - // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and - // optionally merge it into the existing model. - if (existing = this.get(model)) { - if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true; - if (merge) { - attrs = attrs === model ? model.attributes : options._attrs; - existing.set(attrs, options); - if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true; - } - - // This is a new model, push it to the `toAdd` list. - } else if (add) { - toAdd.push(model); - - // Listen to added models' events, and index models for lookup by - // `id` and by `cid`. - model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this); - this._byId[model.cid] = model; - if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; - } - if (order) order.push(existing || model); - delete options._attrs; - } - - // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate. - if (remove) { - for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) { - if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model); + + // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option + // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and + // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header. + Backbone.emulateHTTP = false; + + // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct + // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as + // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a + // form param named `model`. + Backbone.emulateJSON = false; + + // Backbone.Events + // --------------- + + // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with + // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback + // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in + // succession. + // + // var object = {}; + // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); + // object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); }); + // object.trigger('expand'); + var Events = Backbone.Events = { + + // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind + // the callback to all events fired. + on: function (name, callback, context) { + if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; + this._events || (this._events = {}); + var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []); + events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this}); + return this; + }, + + // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time + // the callback is invoked, it will be removed. + once: function (name, callback, context) { + if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; + var self = this; + var once = _.once(function () { + self.off(name, once); + callback.apply(this, arguments); + }); + once._callback = callback; + return this.on(name, once, context); + }, + + // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all + // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all + // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound + // callbacks for all events. + off: function (name, callback, context) { + var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k; + if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this; + if (!name && !callback && !context) { + this._events = {}; + return this; + } + + names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events); + for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { + name = names[i]; + if (events = this._events[name]) { + this._events[name] = retain = []; + if (callback || context) { + for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) { + ev = events[j]; + if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) || + (context && context !== ev.context)) { + retain.push(ev); + } + } + } + if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name]; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are + // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name + // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to + // receive the true name of the event as the first argument). + trigger: function (name) { + if (!this._events) return this; + var args = slice.call(arguments, 1); + if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this; + var events = this._events[name]; + var allEvents = this._events.all; + if (events) triggerEvents(events, args); + if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments); + return this; + }, + + // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or + // to every object it's currently listening to. + stopListening: function (obj, name, callback) { + var listeners = this._listeners; + if (!listeners) return this; + var deleteListener = !name && !callback; + if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; + if (obj) (listeners = {})[obj._listenerId] = obj; + for (var id in listeners) { + if (listeners.hasOwnProperty(id)) { + listeners[id].off(name, callback, this); + if (deleteListener) delete this._listeners[id]; + } + } + return this; } - if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options); - } - - // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models. - if (toAdd.length || (order && order.length)) { - if (sortable) sort = true; - this.length += toAdd.length; - if (at != null) { - splice.apply(this.models, [at, 0].concat(toAdd)); - } else { - if (order) this.models.length = 0; - push.apply(this.models, order || toAdd); + + }; + + // Regular expression used to split event strings. + var eventSplitter = /\s+/; + + // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event + // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}` + // in terms of the existing API. + var eventsApi = function (obj, action, name, rest) { + if (!name) return true; + + // Handle event maps. + if (typeof name === 'object') { + for (var key in name) { + if (name.hasOwnProperty(key)) { + obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest)); + } + } + return false; } - } - - // Silently sort the collection if appropriate. - if (sort) this.sort({silent: true}); - - if (options.silent) return this; - - // Trigger `add` events. - for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) { - (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options); - } - - // Trigger `sort` if the collection was sorted. - if (sort || (order && order.length)) this.trigger('sort', this, options); - return this; - }, - - // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually, - // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing - // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished. - // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations. - reset: function(models, options) { - options || (options = {}); - for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) { - this._removeReference(this.models[i]); - } - options.previousModels = this.models; - this._reset(); - this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); - if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options); - return this; - }, - - // Add a model to the end of the collection. - push: function(model, options) { - model = this._prepareModel(model, options); - this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options)); - return model; - }, - - // Remove a model from the end of the collection. - pop: function(options) { - var model = this.at(this.length - 1); - this.remove(model, options); - return model; - }, - - // Add a model to the beginning of the collection. - unshift: function(model, options) { - model = this._prepareModel(model, options); - this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options)); - return model; - }, - - // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection. - shift: function(options) { - var model = this.at(0); - this.remove(model, options); - return model; - }, - - // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection. - slice: function() { - return slice.apply(this.models, arguments); - }, - - // Get a model from the set by id. - get: function(obj) { - if (obj == null) return void 0; - return this._byId[obj.id] || this._byId[obj.cid] || this._byId[obj]; - }, - - // Get the model at the given index. - at: function(index) { - return this.models[index]; - }, - - // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of - // `filter`. - where: function(attrs, first) { - if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : []; - return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) { - for (var key in attrs) { - if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false; + + // Handle space separated event names. + if (eventSplitter.test(name)) { + var names = name.split(eventSplitter); + for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { + obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest)); + } + return false; } + return true; - }); - }, - - // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases - // of `find`. - findWhere: function(attrs) { - return this.where(attrs, true); - }, - - // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under - // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item - // is added. - sort: function(options) { - if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator'); - options || (options = {}); - - // Run sort based on type of `comparator`. - if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) { - this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this); - } else { - this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this)); - } - - if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options); - return this; - }, - - // Figure out the smallest index at which a model should be inserted so as - // to maintain order. - sortedIndex: function(model, value, context) { - value || (value = this.comparator); - var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) { - return model.get(value); - }; - return _.sortedIndex(this.models, model, iterator, context); - }, - - // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection. - pluck: function(attr) { - return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr); - }, - - // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the - // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response - // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`. - fetch: function(options) { - options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; - if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; - var success = options.success; - var collection = this; - options.success = function(resp) { - var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set'; - collection[method](resp, options); - if (success) success(collection, resp, options); - collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options); - }; - wrapError(this, options); - return this.sync('read', this, options); - }, - - // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the - // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we - // wait for the server to agree. - create: function(model, options) { - options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; - if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false; - if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options); - var collection = this; - var success = options.success; - options.success = function(model, resp, options) { - if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options); - if (success) success(model, resp, options); - }; - model.save(null, options); - return model; - }, - - // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the - // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through. - parse: function(resp, options) { - return resp; - }, - - // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one. - clone: function() { - return new this.constructor(this.models); - }, - - // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection - // is first initialized or reset. - _reset: function() { - this.length = 0; - this.models = []; - this._byId = {}; - }, - - // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this - // collection. - _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) { - if (attrs instanceof Model) { - if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this; - return attrs; - } - options || (options = {}); - options.collection = this; - var model = new this.model(attrs, options); - if (!model.validationError) return model; - this.trigger('invalid', this, attrs, options); - return false; - }, - - // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection. - _removeReference: function(model) { - if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection; - model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this); - }, - - // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event. - // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other - // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate - // in other collections are ignored. - _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) { - if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return; - if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options); - if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) { - delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)]; - if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; - } - this.trigger.apply(this, arguments); - } + }; - }); - - // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection. - // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented - // right here: - var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl', - 'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select', - 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke', - 'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest', - 'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle', - 'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain']; - - // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`. - _.each(methods, function(method) { - Collection.prototype[method] = function() { - var args = slice.call(arguments); - args.unshift(this.models); - return _[method].apply(_, args); + // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for + // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal + // Backbone events have 3 arguments). + var triggerEvents = function (events, args) { + var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2]; + switch (args.length) { + case 0: + while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); + return; + case 1: + while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); + return; + case 2: + while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); + return; + case 3: + while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); + return; + default: + while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); + } }; - }); - - // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument. - var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy']; - - // Use attributes instead of properties. - _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) { - Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) { - var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) { - return model.get(value); - }; - return _[method](this.models, iterator, context); + + var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'}; + + // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to + // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's + // listening to. + _.each(listenMethods, function (implementation, method) { + Events[method] = function (obj, name, callback) { + var listeners = this._listeners || (this._listeners = {}); + var id = obj._listenerId || (obj._listenerId = _.uniqueId('l')); + listeners[id] = obj; + if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; + obj[implementation](name, callback, this); + return this; + }; + }); + + // Aliases for backwards compatibility. + Events.bind = Events.on; + Events.unbind = Events.off; + + // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who + // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place. + _.extend(Backbone, Events); + + //Base class for all classes + var Base = Backbone.Base = function () { }; - }); - - // Backbone.View - // ------------- - - // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View - // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the - // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or - // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of - // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without - // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to - // react to specific changes in the state of your models. - - // Options with special meaning *(e.g. model, collection, id, className)* are - // attached directly to the view. See `viewOptions` for an exhaustive - // list. - - // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM, - // if an existing element is not provided... - var View = Backbone.View = function(options) { - this.cid = _.uniqueId('view'); - options || (options = {}); - _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions)); - this._ensureElement(); - this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); - this.delegateEvents(); - }; - - // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`. - var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/; - - // List of view options to be merged as properties. - var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events']; - - // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods. - _.extend(View.prototype, Events, { - - // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`. - tagName: 'div', - - // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the - // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible. - $: function(selector) { - return this.$el.find(selector); - }, - - // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own - // initialization logic. - initialize: function(){}, - - // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order - // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The - // convention is for **render** to always return `this`. - render: function() { - return this; - }, - - // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any - // applicable Backbone.Events listeners. - remove: function() { - this.$el.remove(); - this.stopListening(); - return this; - }, - - // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event - // re-delegation. - setElement: function(element, delegate) { - if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents(); - this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element); - this.el = this.$el[0]; - if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents(); - return this; - }, - - // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of - // - // *{"event selector": "callback"}* - // - // { - // 'mousedown .title': 'edit', - // 'click .button': 'save', - // 'click .open': function(e) { ... } - // } - // - // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly. - // Uses event delegation for efficiency. - // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`. - // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and - // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer. - delegateEvents: function(events) { - if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this; - this.undelegateEvents(); - for (var key in events) { - var method = events[key]; - if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]]; - if (!method) continue; - - var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter); - var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2]; - method = _.bind(method, this); - eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid; - if (selector === '') { - this.$el.on(eventName, method); + + // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses. + // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and + // class properties to be extended. + Base.extend = function (protoProps, staticProps) { + var parent = this; + var child; + + // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you + // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted + // by us to simply call the parent's constructor. + if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) { + child = protoProps.constructor; } else { - this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method); + child = function () { + return parent.apply(this, arguments); + }; } - } - return this; - }, - - // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`. - // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple - // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element. - undelegateEvents: function() { - this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid); - return this; - }, - - // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into. - // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first - // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create - // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties. - _ensureElement: function() { - if (!this.el) { - var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes')); - if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id'); - if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className'); - var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs); - this.setElement($el, false); - } else { - this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false); - } - } - }); - - // Backbone.sync - // ------------- - - // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists - // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the - // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request - // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be: - // - // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request. - // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON. - // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax. - // - // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests - // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method, - // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` - // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`. - // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make - // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests. - Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) { - var type = methodMap[method]; - - // Default options, unless specified. - _.defaults(options || (options = {}), { - emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP, - emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON - }); + // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied. + _.extend(child, parent, staticProps); - // Default JSON-request options. - var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'}; + // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling + // `parent`'s constructor function. + var Surrogate = function () { + this.constructor = child; + }; + Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype; + child.prototype = new Surrogate(); - // Ensure that we have a URL. - if (!options.url) { - params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError(); - } + // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass, + // if supplied. + if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps); - // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data. - if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) { - params.contentType = 'application/json'; - params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options)); - } + // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed + // later. + child.__super__ = parent.prototype; - // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form. - if (options.emulateJSON) { - params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'; - params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {}; - } + return child; + }; - // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method` - // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header. - if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) { - params.type = 'POST'; - if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type; - var beforeSend = options.beforeSend; - options.beforeSend = function(xhr) { - xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type); - if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments); - }; - } + //Backbone.State + + //Backbone.State provides a simple evented data-store without any RESTful features. + var State = Backbone.State = Base.extend({ + idAttribute: 's', + + constructor: function (attributes, options) { + var defaults; + var attrs = attributes || {}; + options || (options = {}); + this.cid = _.uniqueId('c'); + this.attributes = {}; + if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection; + if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {}; + options._attrs || (options._attrs = attrs); + if (defaults = _.result(this, 'defaults')) { + attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, defaults); + } + this.set(attrs, options); + this.changed = {}; + }, + + // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own + // initialization logic. + initialize: function () { + }, + + // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ. + changed: null, + + // The value returned during the last failed validation. + validationError: null, + + // Return a copy of the State's `attributes` object. + toJSON: function (options) { + return _.clone(this.attributes); + }, + + // Get the value of an attribute. + get: function (attr) { + return this.attributes[attr]; + }, + + // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute. + escape: function (attr) { + return _.escape(this.get(attr)); + }, + + // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null + // or undefined. + has: function (attr) { + return this.get(attr) != null; + }, + + // Set a hash of State attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is + // the core primitive operation of a State, updating the data and notifying + // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast. + set: function (key, val, options) { + var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current; + if (key == null) return this; + + // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. + if (typeof key === 'object') { + attrs = key; + options = val; + } else { + (attrs = {})[key] = val; + } - // Don't process data on a non-GET request. - if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) { - params.processData = false; - } + options || (options = {}); - // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer - // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that - // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8. - if (params.type === 'PATCH' && noXhrPatch) { - params.xhr = function() { - return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); - }; - } + // Run validation. + if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; - // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options. - var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options)); - model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options); - return xhr; - }; - - var noXhrPatch = typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject && !(window.XMLHttpRequest && (new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent); - - // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation. - var methodMap = { - 'create': 'POST', - 'update': 'PUT', - 'patch': 'PATCH', - 'delete': 'DELETE', - 'read': 'GET' - }; - - // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`. - // Override this if you'd like to use a different library. - Backbone.ajax = function() { - return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments); - }; - - // Backbone.Router - // --------------- - - // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are - // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically. - var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) { - options || (options = {}); - if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes; - this._bindRoutes(); - this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); - }; - - // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted - // parts of route strings. - var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g; - var namedParam = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g; - var splatParam = /\*\w+/g; - var escapeRegExp = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g; - - // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods. - _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, { - - // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own - // initialization logic. - initialize: function(){}, - - // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example: - // - // this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) { - // ... - // }); - // - route: function(route, name, callback) { - if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route); - if (_.isFunction(name)) { - callback = name; - name = ''; - } - if (!callback) callback = this[name]; - var router = this; - Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) { - var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment); - callback && callback.apply(router, args); - router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args)); - router.trigger('route', name, args); - Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args); - }); - return this; - }, - - // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history. - navigate: function(fragment, options) { - Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options); - return this; - }, - - // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the - // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general - // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map. - _bindRoutes: function() { - if (!this.routes) return; - this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes'); - var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes); - while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) { - this.route(route, this.routes[route]); - } - }, - - // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching - // against the current location hash. - _routeToRegExp: function(route) { - route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&') - .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?') - .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) { - return optional ? match : '([^\/]+)'; - }) - .replace(splatParam, '(.*?)'); - return new RegExp('^' + route + '$'); - }, - - // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of - // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be - // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior. - _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) { - var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1); - return _.map(params, function(param) { - return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null; - }); - } + // Extract attributes and options. + unset = options.unset; + silent = options.silent; + changes = []; + changing = this._changing; + this._changing = true; - }); + if (!changing) { + this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); + this.changed = {}; + } + current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes; + + // Check for changes of `id`. + if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute]; + + // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value. + for (attr in attrs) { + val = attrs[attr]; + if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr); + if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) { + this.changed[attr] = val; + } else { + delete this.changed[attr]; + } + unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val; + } + + // Trigger all relevant attribute changes. + if (!silent) { + if (changes.length) this._pending = true; + for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) { + this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options); + } + } - // Backbone.History - // ---------------- + // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can + // be recursively nested within `"change"` events. + if (changing) return this; + if (!silent) { + while (this._pending) { + this._pending = false; + this.trigger('change', this, options); + } + } + this._pending = false; + this._changing = false; + return this; + }, + + // Remove an attribute from the State, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop + // if the attribute doesn't exist. + unset: function (attr, options) { + return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); + }, + + // Clear all attributes on the State, firing `"change"`. + clear: function (options) { + var attrs = {}; + for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0; + return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); + }, + + // Determine if the State has changed since the last `"change"` event. + // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed. + hasChanged: function (attr) { + if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed); + return _.has(this.changed, attr); + }, + + // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or + // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what + // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be + // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined. + // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the State, + // determining if there *would be* a change. + changedAttributes: function (diff) { + if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false; + var val, changed = false; + var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes; + for (var attr in diff) { + if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue; + (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val; + } + return changed; + }, + + // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last + // `"change"` event was fired. + previous: function (attr) { + if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null; + return this._previousAttributes[attr]; + }, + + // Get all of the attributes of the State at the time of the previous + // `"change"` event. + previousAttributes: function () { + return _.clone(this._previousAttributes); + }, + + // Create a new State with identical attributes to this one. + clone: function () { + return new this.constructor(this.attributes); + }, + + // Run validation against the next complete set of State attributes, + // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event. + _validate: function (attrs, options) { + if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true; + attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs); + var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null; + if (!error) return true; + this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options || {}, {validationError: error})); + return false; + } + }); - // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either - // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or - // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange) - // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch), - // falls back to polling. - var History = Backbone.History = function() { - this.handlers = []; - _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl'); + _.extend(State.prototype, Events); - // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser. - if (typeof window !== 'undefined') { - this.location = window.location; - this.history = window.history; - } - }; + // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the State. + var stateMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit']; - // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space. - var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g; + // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `State#attributes`. + _.each(stateMethods, function (method) { + State.prototype[method] = function () { + var args = slice.call(arguments); + args.unshift(this.attributes); + return _[method].apply(_, args); + }; + }); + + // Backbone.Model + // -------------- + + // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework -- + // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server. + // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for + // performing computations and transformations on that data. + + // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`) + // is automatically generated and assigned for you. + var Model = Backbone.Model = State.extend({ + constructor: function (attributes, options) { + State.apply(this, arguments); + this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); + }, + + // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and + // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`. + idAttribute: 'id', + + // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need + // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model. + sync: function () { + return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); + }, + + // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the + // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden, + // triggering a `"change"` event. + fetch: function (options) { + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; + var model = this; + var success = options.success; + options.success = function (resp) { + if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false; + if (success) success(model, resp, options); + model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); + }; + wrapError(this, options); + return this.sync('read', this, options); + }, + + // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server. + // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's + // state will be `set` again. + save: function (key, val, options) { + var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes; + + // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. + if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') { + attrs = key; + options = val; + } else { + (attrs = {})[key] = val; + } - // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes. - var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g; + options = _.extend({validate: true}, options); + + // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as + // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if + // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set. + if (attrs && !options.wait) { + if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false; + } else { + if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; + } - // Cached regex for detecting MSIE. - var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/; + // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`. + if (attrs && options.wait) { + this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs); + } + + // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally) + // updated with the server-side state. + if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; + var model = this; + var success = options.success; + options.success = function (resp) { + // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves. + model.attributes = attributes; + var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options); + if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs); + if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) { + return false; + } + if (success) success(model, resp, options); + model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); + }; + wrapError(this, options); + + method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update'); + if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs; + xhr = this.sync(method, this, options); + + // Restore attributes. + if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes; + + return xhr; + }, + + // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. + // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one. + // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal. + destroy: function (options) { + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + var model = this; + var success = options.success; + + var destroy = function () { + model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options); + }; + + options.success = function (resp) { + if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy(); + if (success) success(model, resp, options); + if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); + }; + + if (this.isNew()) { + options.success(); + return false; + } + wrapError(this, options); + + var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options); + if (!options.wait) destroy(); + return xhr; + }, + + // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're + // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint + // that will be called. + url: function () { + var base = _.result(this, 'urlRoot') || _.result(this.collection, 'url') || urlError(); + if (this.isNew()) return base; + return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) === '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id); + }, + + // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on + // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along. + parse: function (resp, options) { + return resp; + }, + + // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id. + isNew: function () { + return this.id == null; + }, + + // Check if the model is currently in a valid state. + isValid: function (options) { + return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true })); + } + }, Events); + + // Backbone.BaseView + // ------------- + + // Backbone BaseViews are almost more convention than they are actual code. A BaseView + // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the + // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or + // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of + // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without + // having to worry about render order. + + // Backbone BaseView instances are generic MVC/MVP pattern views. They are 'controlled' + // by the object containing the view instance and they have no reference to any + // Backbone.Model or Backbone.Collection instance. + + // Options with special meaning *(e.g. model, collection, id, className)* are + // attached directly to the view. See `baseViewOptions` for an exhaustive + // list. + + // Creating a Backbone.BaseView creates its initial element outside of the DOM, + // if an existing element is not provided... + + // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.BaseView** properties and methods. + var BaseView = Backbone.BaseView = Base.extend({ + constructor: function (options) { + this.cid = _.uniqueId('view'); + options || (options = {}); + _.extend(this, _.pick(options, BaseView.viewOptions)); + this._ensureElement(); + this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); + this.delegateEvents(); + }, + + // The default `tagName` of a BaseView's element is `"div"`. + tagName: 'div', + + // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the + // current view. This should be prefered to global lookups where possible. + $: function (selector) { + return this.$el.find(selector); + }, + + // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own + // initialization logic. + initialize: function () { + }, + + // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order + // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The + // convention is for **render** to always return `this`. + render: function () { + return this; + }, + + // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any + // applicable Backbone.Events listeners. + remove: function () { + this.$el.remove(); + this.stopListening(); + return this; + }, + + // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event + // re-delegation. + setElement: function (element, delegate) { + if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents(); + this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element); + this.el = this.$el[0]; + if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents(); + return this; + }, + + // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of + // + // *{"event selector": "callback"}* + // + // { + // 'mousedown .title': 'edit', + // 'click .button': 'save', + // 'click .open': function(e) { ... } + // } + // + // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly. + // Uses event delegation for efficiency. + // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`. + // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and + // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer. + delegateEvents: function (events) { + if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this; + this.undelegateEvents(); + for (var key in events) { + if (events.hasOwnProperty(key)) { + var method = events[key]; + if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]]; + if (!method) continue; + + var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter); + var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2]; + method = _.bind(method, this); + eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid; + if (selector === '') { + this.$el.on(eventName, method); + } else { + this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method); + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`. + // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple + // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element. + undelegateEvents: function () { + this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid); + return this; + }, + + // Ensure that the BaseView has a DOM element to render into. + // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first + // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create + // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties. + _ensureElement: function () { + if (!this.el) { + var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes')); + if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id'); + if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className'); + var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs); + this.setElement($el, false); + } else { + this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false); + } + } + }, Events); - // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash. - var trailingSlash = /\/$/; + // List of view options to be merged as properties. + BaseView.viewOptions = ['el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events']; - // Has the history handling already been started? - History.started = false; + _.extend(BaseView.prototype, Events); - // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods. - _.extend(History.prototype, Events, { + // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`. + var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/; - // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is - // twenty times a second. - interval: 50, + // Backbone.View + // ------------- - // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug - // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded. - getHash: function(window) { - var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/); - return match ? match[1] : ''; - }, + // Options with special meaning *(e.g. model, collection, id, className)* are + // attached directly to the view. See `viewOptions` for an exhaustive + // list. - // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL, - // the hash, or the override. - getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) { - if (fragment == null) { - if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) { - fragment = this.location.pathname; - var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, ''); - if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.slice(root.length); - } else { - fragment = this.getHash(); + // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods. + var View = Backbone.View = BaseView.extend({ + constructor: function (options) { + options || (options = {}); + _.extend(this, _.pick(options, View.viewOptions)); + BaseView.call(this, options); } - } - return fragment.replace(routeStripper, ''); - }, - - // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches - // an existing route, and `false` otherwise. - start: function(options) { - if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started"); - History.started = true; - - // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe? - // Is pushState desired ... is it available? - this.options = _.extend({}, {root: '/'}, this.options, options); - this.root = this.options.root; - this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false; - this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState; - this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState); - var fragment = this.getFragment(); - var docMode = document.documentMode; - var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7)); - - // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash. - this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/'); - - if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) { - this.iframe = Backbone.$('