diff --git a/src/gfx/lib.rs b/src/gfx/lib.rs
index 83eff4fe102..170b0efc57e 100644
--- a/src/gfx/lib.rs
+++ b/src/gfx/lib.rs
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ impl<D: device::Device> Graphics<D> {
     /// Create a new ref batch.
     pub fn make_batch<T: shade::ShaderParam>(&mut self,
                       program: &ProgramHandle<GlResources>,
-                      mesh: &Mesh,
-                      slice: Slice,
+                      mesh: &Mesh<GlResources>,
+                      slice: Slice<GlResources>,
                       state: &DrawState)
                       -> Result<batch::RefBatch<T>, batch::BatchError> {
         self.context.make_batch(program, mesh, slice, state)
diff --git a/src/gfx_macros/vertex_format.rs b/src/gfx_macros/vertex_format.rs
index 58d927fd956..e99a7901e7c 100644
--- a/src/gfx_macros/vertex_format.rs
+++ b/src/gfx_macros/vertex_format.rs
@@ -271,8 +271,13 @@ impl ItemDecorator for VertexFormat {
                             path: vec!["Vec"],
                             lifetime: None,
                             params: vec![
-                                box generic::ty::Literal(generic::ty::Path::new(
-                                    vec![super::EXTERN_CRATE_HACK, "gfx", "Attribute"])),
+                                box generic::ty::Literal(generic::ty::Path {
+                                    path: vec![super::EXTERN_CRATE_HACK, "gfx", "Attribute"],
+                                    lifetime: None,
+                                    params: vec![box generic::ty::Literal(generic::ty::Path::new(
+                                                     vec![super::EXTERN_CRATE_HACK, "gfx", "GlResources"]))],
+                                    global: false,
+                                }),
                             ],
                             global: false,
                         },
@@ -283,7 +288,10 @@ impl ItemDecorator for VertexFormat {
                         box |c, s, ss| method_body(c, s, ss, path_root)),
                 },
             ],
-            associated_types: Vec::new(),
+            associated_types: vec![
+                (context.ident_of("Resources"), generic::ty::Literal(generic::ty::Path::new(
+                    vec![super::EXTERN_CRATE_HACK, "gfx", "GlResources"]))),
+            ],
         }.expand(context, meta_item, item, fixup);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/render/batch.rs b/src/render/batch.rs
index da439a87754..6f27a2833b0 100644
--- a/src/render/batch.rs
+++ b/src/render/batch.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub enum BatchError {
 
 /// Match mesh attributes against shader inputs, produce a mesh link.
 /// Exposed to public to allow external `Batch` implementations to use it.
-pub fn link_mesh(mesh: &mesh::Mesh, pinfo: &ProgramInfo) -> Result<mesh::Link, MeshError> {
+pub fn link_mesh(mesh: &mesh::Mesh<back::GlResources>, pinfo: &ProgramInfo) -> Result<mesh::Link, MeshError> {
     let mut indices = Vec::new();
     for sat in pinfo.attributes.iter() {
         match mesh.attributes.iter().enumerate()
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ pub fn link_mesh(mesh: &mesh::Mesh, pinfo: &ProgramInfo) -> Result<mesh::Link, M
 }
 
 /// Return type for `Batch::get_data()``
-pub type BatchData<'a> = (&'a mesh::Mesh, mesh::AttributeIter, &'a mesh::Slice,
-                          &'a DrawState);
+pub type BatchData<'a> = (&'a mesh::Mesh<back::GlResources>, mesh::AttributeIter,
+                          &'a mesh::Slice<back::GlResources>, &'a DrawState);
 
 /// Abstract batch trait
 pub trait Batch {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ pub trait Batch {
                    -> Result<&ProgramHandle<back::GlResources>, Self::Error>;
 }
 
-impl<'a, T: ShaderParam> Batch for (&'a mesh::Mesh, mesh::Slice,
+impl<'a, T: ShaderParam> Batch for (&'a mesh::Mesh<back::GlResources>, mesh::Slice<back::GlResources>,
                                     &'a ProgramHandle<back::GlResources>, &'a T, &'a DrawState) {
     type Error = BatchError;
 
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@ impl<'a, T: ShaderParam> Batch for (&'a mesh::Mesh, mesh::Slice,
 
 /// Owned batch - self-contained, but has heap-allocated data
 pub struct OwnedBatch<T: ShaderParam> {
-    mesh: mesh::Mesh,
+    mesh: mesh::Mesh<back::GlResources>,
     mesh_link: mesh::Link,
     /// Mesh slice
-    pub slice: mesh::Slice,
+    pub slice: mesh::Slice<back::GlResources>,
     /// Parameter data.
     pub param: T,
     program: ProgramHandle<back::GlResources>,
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ pub struct OwnedBatch<T: ShaderParam> {
 
 impl<T: ShaderParam> OwnedBatch<T> {
     /// Create a new owned batch
-    pub fn new(mesh: mesh::Mesh, program: ProgramHandle<back::GlResources>, param: T)
+    pub fn new(mesh: mesh::Mesh<back::GlResources>, program: ProgramHandle<back::GlResources>, param: T)
            -> Result<OwnedBatch<T>, BatchError> {
         let slice = mesh.to_slice(PrimitiveType::TriangleList);
         let mesh_link = match link_mesh(&mesh, program.get_info()) {
@@ -248,10 +248,10 @@ impl<T: Clone + PartialEq> Array<T> {
 /// It has references to the resources (mesh, program, state), that are held
 /// by the context that created the batch, so these have to be used together.
 pub struct RefBatch<T: ShaderParam> {
-    mesh_id: Id<mesh::Mesh>,
+    mesh_id: Id<mesh::Mesh<back::GlResources>>,
     mesh_link: mesh::Link,
     /// Mesh slice
-    pub slice: mesh::Slice,
+    pub slice: mesh::Slice<back::GlResources>,
     program_id: Id<ProgramHandle<back::GlResources>>,
     param_link: T::Link,
     state_id: Id<DrawState>,
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ impl<T: ShaderParam> RefBatch<T> {
 
 /// Factory of ref batches, required to always be used with them.
 pub struct Context {
-    meshes: Array<mesh::Mesh>,
+    meshes: Array<mesh::Mesh<back::GlResources>>,
     programs: Array<ProgramHandle<back::GlResources>>,
     states: Array<DrawState>,
 }
@@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ impl Context {
     /// Produce a new ref batch
     pub fn make_batch<T: ShaderParam>(&mut self,
                       program: &ProgramHandle<back::GlResources>,
-                      mesh: &mesh::Mesh,
-                      slice: mesh::Slice,
+                      mesh: &mesh::Mesh<back::GlResources>,
+                      slice: mesh::Slice<back::GlResources>,
                       state: &DrawState)
                       -> Result<RefBatch<T>, BatchError> {
         let mesh_link = match link_mesh(mesh, program.get_info()) {
diff --git a/src/render/device_ext.rs b/src/render/device_ext.rs
index b530f9240ae..f18076cf36d 100644
--- a/src/render/device_ext.rs
+++ b/src/render/device_ext.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ pub trait DeviceExt: device::Device {
     fn create_renderer(&mut self) -> ::Renderer<Self>;
     /// Create a new mesh from the given vertex data.
     /// Convenience function around `create_buffer` and `Mesh::from_format`.
-    fn create_mesh<T: VertexFormat + Copy>(&mut self, data: &[T]) -> Mesh;
+    fn create_mesh<T>(&mut self, data: &[T]) -> Mesh<back::GlResources> where
+        T: VertexFormat<Resources = back::GlResources> + Copy;
     /// Create a simple program given a vertex shader with a fragment one.
     fn link_program(&mut self, vs_code: &[u8], fs_code: &[u8])
                     -> Result<device::ProgramHandle<back::GlResources>, ProgramError>;
@@ -87,7 +88,9 @@ impl<D: device::Device> DeviceExt for D {
         }
     }
 
-    fn create_mesh<T: VertexFormat + Copy>(&mut self, data: &[T]) -> Mesh {
+    fn create_mesh<T>(&mut self, data: &[T]) -> Mesh<back::GlResources> where
+        T: VertexFormat<Resources = back::GlResources> + Copy,
+    {
         let nv = data.len();
         debug_assert!(nv < {
             use std::num::Int;
diff --git a/src/render/lib.rs b/src/render/lib.rs
index 8393fe1305a..0921694854a 100644
--- a/src/render/lib.rs
+++ b/src/render/lib.rs
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ impl<D: Device> Renderer<D> {
     }
 
     fn bind_mesh<I: Iterator<Item = mesh::AttributeIndex>>(&mut self,
-                 mesh: &mesh::Mesh, attrib_iter: I, info: &ProgramInfo) {
+                 mesh: &mesh::Mesh<back::GlResources>, attrib_iter: I, info: &ProgramInfo) {
         if !self.render_state.is_array_buffer_set {
             // It's Ok if the array buffer is not supported. We can just ignore it.
             self.common_array_buffer.map(|ab|
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ impl<D: Device> Renderer<D> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn draw_slice(&mut self, slice: &mesh::Slice,
+    fn draw_slice(&mut self, slice: &mesh::Slice<back::GlResources>,
                   instances: Option<(device::InstanceCount, device::VertexCount)>) {
         let mesh::Slice { start, end, prim_type, kind } = slice.clone();
         match kind {
diff --git a/src/render/mesh.rs b/src/render/mesh.rs
index 7c11500a57a..30b009e148e 100644
--- a/src/render/mesh.rs
+++ b/src/render/mesh.rs
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@
 //! `Buffer`, and then use `Mesh::from`.
 
 use device;
-use device::{PrimitiveType, BufferHandle, VertexCount};
-use device::{attrib, back};
+use device::{PrimitiveType, BufferHandle, Resources, VertexCount};
+use device::attrib;
 
 /// Describes a single attribute of a vertex buffer, including its type, name, etc.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Attribute {
+pub struct Attribute<R: Resources> {
     /// A name to match the shader input
     pub name: String,
     /// Vertex buffer to contain the data
-    pub buffer: device::RawBufferHandle<back::GlResources>,
+    pub buffer: device::RawBufferHandle<R>,
     /// Format of the attribute
     pub format: attrib::Format,
 }
@@ -38,22 +38,23 @@ pub struct Attribute {
 /// A trait implemented automatically for user vertex structure by
 /// `#[vertex_format] attribute
 pub trait VertexFormat {
+    type Resources: Resources;
     /// Create the attributes for this type, using the given buffer.
-    fn generate(Option<Self>, buffer: device::RawBufferHandle<back::GlResources>) -> Vec<Attribute>;
+    fn generate(Option<Self>, buffer: device::RawBufferHandle<Self::Resources>) -> Vec<Attribute<Self::Resources>>;
 }
 
 /// Describes geometry to render.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Mesh {
+pub struct Mesh<R: Resources> {
     /// Number of vertices in the mesh.
     pub num_vertices: device::VertexCount,
     /// Vertex attributes to use.
-    pub attributes: Vec<Attribute>,
+    pub attributes: Vec<Attribute<R>>,
 }
 
-impl Mesh {
+impl<R: Resources> Mesh<R> {
     /// Create a new mesh, which is a `TriangleList` with no attributes and `nv` vertices.
-    pub fn new(nv: device::VertexCount) -> Mesh {
+    pub fn new(nv: device::VertexCount) -> Mesh<R> {
         Mesh {
             num_vertices: nv,
             attributes: Vec::new(),
@@ -61,7 +62,9 @@ impl Mesh {
     }
 
     /// Create a new `Mesh` from a struct that implements `VertexFormat` and a buffer.
-    pub fn from_format<V: VertexFormat>(buf: device::BufferHandle<back::GlResources, V>, nv: device::VertexCount) -> Mesh {
+    pub fn from_format<V>(buf: device::BufferHandle<R, V>, nv: device::VertexCount) -> Mesh<R> where
+        V: VertexFormat<Resources = R>,
+    {
         Mesh {
             num_vertices: nv,
             attributes: VertexFormat::generate(None::<V>, buf.raw()),
@@ -69,9 +72,11 @@ impl Mesh {
     }
 
     /// Create a new intanced `Mesh` given a vertex buffer and an instance buffer.
-    pub fn from_format_instanced<V: VertexFormat, U: VertexFormat>(
-                                 buf: device::BufferHandle<back::GlResources, V>, nv: device::VertexCount,
-                                 inst: device::BufferHandle<back::GlResources, U>) -> Mesh {
+    pub fn from_format_instanced<V, U>(buf: device::BufferHandle<R, V>, nv: device::VertexCount,
+                                       inst: device::BufferHandle<R, U>) -> Mesh<R> where
+        V: VertexFormat<Resources = R>,
+        U: VertexFormat<Resources = R>,
+    {
         let per_vertex   = VertexFormat::generate(None::<V>, buf.raw());
         let per_instance = VertexFormat::generate(None::<U>, inst.raw());
 
@@ -97,7 +102,7 @@ impl Mesh {
 /// For example,  `Point` typed vertex slice can be used to do shape
 /// blending, while still rendereing it as an indexed `TriangleList`.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Slice {
+pub struct Slice<R: Resources> {
     /// Start index of vertices to draw.
     pub start: VertexCount,
     /// End index of vertices to draw.
@@ -105,12 +110,12 @@ pub struct Slice {
     /// Primitive type to render collections of vertices as.
     pub prim_type: PrimitiveType,
     /// Source of the vertex ordering when drawing.
-    pub kind: SliceKind,
+    pub kind: SliceKind<R>,
 }
 
 /// Source of vertex ordering for a slice
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum SliceKind {
+pub enum SliceKind<R: Resources> {
     /// Render vertex data directly from the `Mesh`'s buffer.
     Vertex,
     /// The `Index*` buffer contains a list of indices into the `Mesh`
@@ -122,22 +127,22 @@ pub enum SliceKind {
     /// the vertices will be identical, wasting space for the duplicated
     /// attributes.  Instead, the `Mesh` can store 4 vertices and an
     /// `Index8` can be used instead.
-    Index8(BufferHandle<back::GlResources, u8>, VertexCount),
+    Index8(BufferHandle<R, u8>, VertexCount),
     /// As `Index8` but with `u16` indices
-    Index16(BufferHandle<back::GlResources, u16>, VertexCount),
+    Index16(BufferHandle<R, u16>, VertexCount),
     /// As `Index8` but with `u32` indices
-    Index32(BufferHandle<back::GlResources, u32>, VertexCount),
+    Index32(BufferHandle<R, u32>, VertexCount),
 }
 
 /// Helper methods for cleanly getting the slice of a type.
-pub trait ToSlice {
+pub trait ToSlice<R: Resources> {
     /// Get the slice of a type.
-    fn to_slice(&self, pt: PrimitiveType) -> Slice;
+    fn to_slice(&self, pt: PrimitiveType) -> Slice<R>;
 }
 
-impl ToSlice for Mesh {
+impl<R: Resources> ToSlice<R> for Mesh<R> {
     /// Return a vertex slice of the whole mesh.
-    fn to_slice(&self, ty: PrimitiveType) -> Slice {
+    fn to_slice(&self, ty: PrimitiveType) -> Slice<R> {
         Slice {
             start: 0,
             end: self.num_vertices,
@@ -147,9 +152,9 @@ impl ToSlice for Mesh {
     }
 }
 
-impl ToSlice for BufferHandle<back::GlResources, u8> {
+impl<R: Resources> ToSlice<R> for BufferHandle<R, u8> {
     /// Return an index slice of the whole buffer.
-    fn to_slice(&self, ty: PrimitiveType) -> Slice {
+    fn to_slice(&self, ty: PrimitiveType) -> Slice<R> {
         Slice {
             start: 0,
             end: self.len() as VertexCount,
@@ -159,9 +164,9 @@ impl ToSlice for BufferHandle<back::GlResources, u8> {
     }
 }
 
-impl ToSlice for BufferHandle<back::GlResources, u16> {
+impl<R: Resources> ToSlice<R> for BufferHandle<R, u16> {
     /// Return an index slice of the whole buffer.
-    fn to_slice(&self, ty: PrimitiveType) -> Slice {
+    fn to_slice(&self, ty: PrimitiveType) -> Slice<R> {
         Slice {
             start: 0,
             end: self.len() as VertexCount,
@@ -171,9 +176,9 @@ impl ToSlice for BufferHandle<back::GlResources, u16> {
     }
 }
 
-impl ToSlice for BufferHandle<back::GlResources, u32> {
+impl<R: Resources> ToSlice<R> for BufferHandle<R, u32> {
     /// Return an index slice of the whole buffer.
-    fn to_slice(&self, ty: PrimitiveType) -> Slice {
+    fn to_slice(&self, ty: PrimitiveType) -> Slice<R> {
         Slice {
             start: 0,
             end: self.len() as VertexCount,