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‎lab0/spec.html

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<!-- saved from url=(0051)http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/lab0.php -->
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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>EENG 348/CPSC 338: Digital Systems</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="./EENG 348_CPSC 338_ Digital Systems_files/std.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="./EENG 348_CPSC 338_ Digital Systems_files/default.css">
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<script src="./EENG 348_CPSC 338_ Digital Systems_files/highlight.pack.js"></script>
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<script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script>
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<style> body { overflow-y: scroll; } </style>
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<style> .alttable tr:nth-child(odd) { background: #dfefff; } .alttable tr:nth-child(even) { background: #ffffff; } .alttable { border-spacing: 0 10px; } .alttable td { padding: 5px; } </style>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="#ffffff" fgcolor="#000000">
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<table width="100%">
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<tbody><tr>
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<td width="3%">&nbsp;</td>
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<td width="94%" align="center"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td width="100%"><center>
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<table border="0" width="100%">
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<tbody><tr>
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<td align="right" valign="middle">
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<a href="http://csl.yale.edu/"><img src="./EENG 348_CPSC 338_ Digital Systems_files/yaleseas.jpg" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
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<td valign="middle" width="80%">
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<font face="helvetica,arial">
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<center>
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<font size="+3">EENG 348/CPSC 338: Digital Systems</font><br><font size="+2">Yale University</font>
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</center>
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</font></td>
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<td align="left" valign="middle">
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<a href="http://avlsi.csl.yale.edu/"><img src="./EENG 348_CPSC 338_ Digital Systems_files/anew2.gif" width="150" border="0"></a></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table><br></center>
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</td></tr><tr><td width="100%">
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<table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td width="90" valign="top"><br>
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<table>
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<tbody><tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/index.php"><font size="-1">Home</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://www.piazza.com/class"><font size="-1">Discussions</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/lectures.php"><font size="-1">Lectures</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/labs.php"><font size="-1">Labs</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/handouts.php"><font size="-1">Handouts</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/policies.php"><font size="-1">Policies</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/calendar.php"><font size="-1">Calendar</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://canvas.yale.edu/"><font size="-1">Canvas</font></a></b></td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</td><td width="4">&nbsp;</td><td valign="top">
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<h3>Lab 0: Getting Started</h3>
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<b>Due: Jan 22, 11:59pm. Submit on Canvas.</b><br>
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<b>Weight: 0%</b>
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<p>
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<b>Goal.</b> The goal of this assignment is to install the software we will be
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using for the class to interact with the Arduino Uno, and to make sure
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you are capable of writing a simple program and running it on the Uno.
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</p>
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<p> The Arduino project is an open-source effort, and the popularity
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of the platform means that there are innumerable online resources
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available. The project <a href="https://www.arduino.cc/">home page</a>
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has a link to the <a href="https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software">software</a> you should
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install on your computer. </p>
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<p>
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<b>Precautions.</b>
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</p><ul>
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<li>The micro-controller boards should be handled with care. Mis-use
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such as incorrectly connecting the boards is likely to damage the
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device.
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</li><li>These devices are <i>static sensitive</i>. This means that you can
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"zap" them with static electricity (a bigger problem in the winter
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months). Be careful with handling boards. Your body should be at the
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same potential as the boards to avoid damaging them. For more
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information, check <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_sensitive_device">wikipedia</a>
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and the external links at the bottom.
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</li></ul>
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<p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
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<tbody><tr bgcolor="#aaaacc" valign="center"><td><b>&nbsp;Collect the hardware and setup software</b></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</p><p>
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For this lab, start by:
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</p><ul>
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<li>Finding a team-mate
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</li><li>Collect the hardware from the TFs. The hardware will be distributed
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after class on Friday January 18; you can also get it by contacting the TFs.
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The hardware consists of an Arduino Uno board and USB cable.
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</li><li>Install the Arduino <a href="https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software">software</a> (the latest version is 1.8.8)
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</li></ul>
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<p></p>
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<p> The Arduino platform was designed to be accessible to people with
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very different backgrounds. This means the software tries to hide a
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lot of the details of microcontroller-based programming from the
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user. Programs are called "sketches", and while they use the C++
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language they even try to hide that from you to some extent.</p>
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<p> A "sketch" has to specify two functions: "setup" and
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"loop". When a new sketch is created, the Arduino interface
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automatically populates it with blank functions as a reminder.</p>
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<p>
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A simple model for the main program is the following code fragment:
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</p><pre><code class="hljs bash"> setup();
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<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (1) {
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loop();
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p></p>
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<p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
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<tbody><tr bgcolor="#aaaacc" valign="center"><td><b>&nbsp;What you have to do</b></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</p><p> To get started, plug in your Arduino board, and start the Arduino
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software package. Navigate the menus and select the Uno board
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(Arduino/Genuino Uno), and pick the port corresponding to the Uno. (On
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my mac, it looks something like /dev/cu.usbmodem...)</p>
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<p>
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For the rest of this lab, run a simple program on the Uno that prints "Hello, world!" in a way that you can display it on your computer.</p>
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<p> This is more complicated than it sounds (we will explain how this
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really works as the class progresses), since the Uno does not have a
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display. However, it does have a way to communicate with your laptop
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through the USB cable. One nice thing about using the Arduino platform
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is that there are a number of built-in libraries that provide useful
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functionality, making it easy to get started. One of these libraries
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can be used for communication through the USB interface to a terminal
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on your laptop.</p>
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<p>
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Use the following function for "<code>setup()<code>":
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</code></code></p><code><code>
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<pre><code class="hljs cpp"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setup</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>{
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Serial.begin(<span class="hljs-number">9600</span>);
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Serial.println(<span class="hljs-string">"Hello, world!"</span>);
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p> The "<code>loop()</code>" function can remain empty. Compile
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this sketch and upload it to the board (the "right arrow" icon).
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</p>
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<p> If all is well, your program will compile successfully and be
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uploaded to the board. You should see some LEDs on the board flashing
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while this is happening.</p>
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<p> Open the serial monitor (icon on the top right corner of the
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application). You should see "<code>Hello, world!</code>" displayed.</p>
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<p>
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Some comments:
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</p><ul>
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<li>You may see a slightly corrupted version of the "<code>Hello,
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world!</code>" string. In that case, clear the output in the serial
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monitor and hit the red reset button on the Uno. It should work
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properly this time.
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</li><li>The "9600" matches the "9600 baud" setting in the serial
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monitor. This means that the peak communication rate between the
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microcontroller and laptop is 9600 characters per second.
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</li></ul>
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<p></p>
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<p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
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<tbody><tr bgcolor="#aaaacc" valign="center"><td><b>&nbsp; What you have to submit</b></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</p><p>
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Just a simple sentence in text saying "<code>We (name1, name2) successfully completed lab0!</code>"
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</p>
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<p>
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Please use one submission per team. We will use this to create groups on Canvas for future submissions.
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</p>
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</code></code></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td width="100%"><br>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="3%">&nbsp;</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table><table noborder="" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr bgcolor="#00356b"><td width="2%"></td><td width="98%" align="left"><a href="http://www.yale.edu/"><img src="./EENG 348_CPSC 338_ Digital Systems_files/yale-white.png" alt="Yale"></a></td></tr></tbody></table>
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</body></html>

‎lab1/spec.html

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<!-- saved from url=(0051)http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/lab1.php -->
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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>EENG 348/CPSC 338: Digital Systems</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="./spec_files/std.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="./spec_files/default.css">
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<script src="./spec_files/highlight.pack.js"></script>
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<script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script>
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<style> body { overflow-y: scroll; } </style>
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<style> .alttable tr:nth-child(odd) { background: #dfefff; } .alttable tr:nth-child(even) { background: #ffffff; } .alttable { border-spacing: 0 10px; } .alttable td { padding: 5px; } </style>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="#ffffff" fgcolor="#000000">
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<table width="100%">
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<tbody><tr>
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<td width="3%">&nbsp;</td>
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<td width="94%" align="center"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td width="100%"><center>
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<table border="0" width="100%">
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<tbody><tr>
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<td align="right" valign="middle">
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<a href="http://csl.yale.edu/"><img src="./spec_files/yaleseas.jpg" height="75" border="0"></a></td>
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<td valign="middle" width="80%">
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<font face="helvetica,arial">
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<center>
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<font size="+3">EENG 348/CPSC 338: Digital Systems</font><br><font size="+2">Yale University</font>
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</center>
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</font></td>
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<td align="left" valign="middle">
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<a href="http://avlsi.csl.yale.edu/"><img src="./spec_files/anew2.gif" width="150" border="0"></a></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table><br></center>
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</td></tr><tr><td width="100%">
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<table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td width="90" valign="top"><br>
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<table>
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<tbody><tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/index.php"><font size="-1">Home</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://www.piazza.com/class"><font size="-1">Discussions</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/lectures.php"><font size="-1">Lectures</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/labs.php"><font size="-1">Labs</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/handouts.php"><font size="-1">Handouts</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/policies.php"><font size="-1">Policies</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/calendar.php"><font size="-1">Calendar</font></a></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right"><b><a href="http://canvas.yale.edu/"><font size="-1">Canvas</font></a></b></td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</td><td width="4">&nbsp;</td><td valign="top">
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<h3>Lab 1: Assembly language programming</h3>
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<b>Due: Feb <strike>2</strike> 4, 11:59pm. Submit on Canvas.</b><br>
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<b>Weight: 10%</b>
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<p> <b>Goal.</b> The goal of this lab is to give you some experience
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writing assembly language programs for the AVR microcontroller. To
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successfully complete the lab, you will need to understand:
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</p><ul>
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<li>The AVR instruction set
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</li><li>The Arduino programming environment (i.e. lab 0)
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</li><li>Calling conventions
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</li></ul>
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<p></p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
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<tbody><tr bgcolor="#aaaacc" valign="center"><td><b>&nbsp; Part 1: Getting started with assembly</b></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<p> To write assembly in the unmodified Arduino environment, we will
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use a construct that is built into the C++ compiler that is invoked to
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compile your program. We can mix assembly language and C++ directly by
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using the "<code>asm</code>" directive. The flavor we use is
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sometimes called "<code>asm volatile</code>", and by using the
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keyword "<code>volatile</code>" we are telling the compiler not to
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touch the assembly language sequence that has been specified--i.e. to
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perform no optimizations.</p>
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<p> A template Arduino sketch for assembly language programming is
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provided (<a href="http://csl.yale.edu/~rajit/classes/eeng348/files/sketch_asm.zip">zip file</a>). The
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"<code>.ino</code>" file contains the driver, which can be used to
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output values using the serial monitor. The file that should contain
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the assembly language is "<code>testasm.cpp</code>", which you can
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edit with any text editor directly.</p>
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<p> The example sketch in the zip file ends with a loop that
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continuously blinks the built-in LED on the Uno. This is just a simple
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sanity check to make sure that your assembly language program ran
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properly and didn't mess up the stack.</p>
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<p> For this part, write an assembly language program that adds two
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numbers. The two numbers to be added are the unsigned 8-bit integers
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"<code>a</code>" and "<code>b</code>" (see the
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"<code>testasm</code>" function), and the result should be a 16-bit
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value corresponding to their sum. In this part, you will be saving and
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restoring any register being modified (see the instructions in
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<code>testasm</code> function). (Hint: you will need to use the carry
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flag.)</p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
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<tbody><tr bgcolor="#aaaacc" valign="center"><td><b>&nbsp; Part 2: Procedures</b></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<p>Implement the following two functions in assembly, respecting all calling conventions.</p>
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<pre><code class="hljs cpp"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">sumval</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> a, <span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> b)</span>
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</span>{
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> a+b;
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}
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<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">diffval</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> a, <span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> b)</span>
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</span>{
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (a &gt; b) {
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> a-b;
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}
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<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> b-a;
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>
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Finally, the main program in assembly language should set the return
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registers (<code>r25:r24</code>, see the template) to the value
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"<code>sumval(a,b)+diffval(a,b)</code>", using function calls to
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invoke the two functions and combine their return values.</p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
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<tbody><tr bgcolor="#aaaacc" valign="center"><td><b>&nbsp; Part 3: Recursion</b></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<p>
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The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number">Fibonacci
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sequence</a> is defined by the recursion F<sub>0</sub> = 0,
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F<sub>1</sub> = 1, and F<sub>n</sub> = F<sub>n-1</sub> +
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F<sub>n-2</sub> for n&gt;1. A simple way to compute the nth Fibonacci
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number is the following C program (which also returns zero for
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negative arguments):</p>
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<pre><code class="hljs cpp"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">fib</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> n)</span>
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</span>{
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (n == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
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<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (n == <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> fib(n<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>)+fib(n<span class="hljs-number">-2</span>);
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p> Implement this recursive function using assembly language. Your
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implementation <u>must use recursion</u>. The result of the call to
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<code>fib()</code> should be displayed on the serial monitor. Your
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program should be able to work for any Fibonacci number that can be
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represented by an 8-bit value. Include your test cases in your
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submission as well. Use the template from part 1 for this part. For
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simplicity, you can simply ignore the second argument to the
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function. For the more adventurous, feel free to modify the
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"<code>asm</code>" directive to only use one argument.</p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
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<tbody><tr bgcolor="#aaaacc" valign="center"><td><b>&nbsp; What you have to submit</b></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<p> You should turn in three sketches, one for each part of the lab,
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as a single zip file. The zip file should be submitted through Canvas,
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with one submission per team. </p>
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<p> The zip file should contain three sketches,
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"<code>sketch_part1</code>", "<code>sketch_part2</code>",
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"<code>sketch_part3</code>" that are folders containing the
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"<code>.ino</code>" file and the "<code>testasm.{cpp,h}</code>"
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files. Include a plain text file called "<code>README</code>" as
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part of your submission, where you can provide any information you
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like to the teaching staff grading the lab.</p>
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<p> Please make sure your assembly language program is
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well-commented. In particular, for any program that includes
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functions, your comments should describe the stack layout (i.e. a
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detailed description of the stack frame for each function).</p>
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<p>
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The sketches should also include a reasonable set of test cases.
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</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td width="100%"><br>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="3%">&nbsp;</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table><table noborder="" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr bgcolor="#00356b"><td width="2%"></td><td width="98%" align="left"><a href="http://www.yale.edu/"><img src="./spec_files/yale-white.png" alt="Yale"></a></td></tr></tbody></table>
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</body></html>

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