bsd.README

#	$OpenBSD: bsd.README,v 1.49 2012/08/23 06:14:41 deraadt Exp $
#	$NetBSD: bsd.README,v 1.17 1996/04/13 02:08:08 thorpej Exp $
#	@(#)bsd.README	5.1 (Berkeley) 5/11/90

This is the README file for the new make "include" files for the BSD
source tree.  The files are installed in /usr/share/mk, and are, by
convention, named with the suffix ".mk".

bsd.dep.mk		- handle Makefile dependencies
bsd.lib.mk		- support for building libraries
bsd.lkm.mk		- building loadable kernel modules
bsd.man.mk		- installing manual pages and their links
bsd.nls.mk		- National Language Support
bsd.obj.mk		- creating 'obj' directories and cleaning up
bsd.own.mk		- define common variables
bsd.port.mk		- building ports
bsd.port.arch.mk	- glue for building ports with MD stuff
bsd.port.subdir.mk	- targets for building subdirectories for ports
bsd.prog.mk		- building programs from source files
bsd.regress.mk		- regression tests
bsd.subdir.mk		- targets for building subdirectories
bsd.sys.mk		- building bsd from the source tree

Note, this file is not intended to replace reading through the .mk
files for anything tricky.

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RANDOM THINGS WORTH KNOWING:

The files are simply C-style #include files, and pretty much behave like
you'd expect.  The syntax is slightly different in that a single '.' is
used instead of the hash mark, i.e. ".include <bsd.prog.mk>".

One difference that will save you lots of debugging time is that inclusion
of the file is normally done at the *end* of the Makefile.  The reason for
this is because .mk files often modify variables and behavior based on the
values of variables set in the Makefile.  To make this work, remember that
the FIRST target found is the target that is used, i.e. if the Makefile has:

	a:
		echo a
	a:
		echo a number two

the command "make a" will echo "a".  To make things confusing, the SECOND
variable assignment is the overriding one, i.e. if the Makefile has:

	a=	foo
	a=	bar

	b:
		echo ${a}

the command "make b" will echo "bar".  This is for compatibility with the
way the V7 make behaved.

To make things even more confusing, make uses lazy evaluation. All
variables are expanded only when needed. Which means that, in

	a=	foo

	b: $(a)
		echo $(.ALLSRC)
		echo $(a)

	foo:
		touch foo

   	a=	bar

the command "make b" will echo "foo"; echo "bar".  The first $(a) means 
"foo", because it's needed to generate the dependency rule when it's read, 
but the second $(a) is only expanded when needed, at which point a contains
bar.

It's fairly difficult to make the BSD .mk files work when you're building
multiple programs in a single directory.  It's a lot easier to split up the
programs than to deal with the problem.  Most of the agony comes from making
the "obj" directory stuff work right, not because we switched to a new version
of make.  So, don't get mad at us, figure out a better way to handle multiple
architectures so we can quit using the symbolic link stuff.  (Imake doesn't
count.)

The file .depend in the source directory is expected to contain dependencies
for the source files.  This file is read automatically by make after reading
the Makefile.

The variable DESTDIR works as before.  It's not set anywhere but will change
the tree where the file gets installed.

The profiled libraries are no longer built in a different directory than
the regular libraries.  A new suffix, ".po", is used to denote a profiled
object.

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The include file <sys.mk> has the default rules for all makes, in the BSD
environment or otherwise.  You probably don't want to touch this file.

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The include file <bsd.man.mk> handles installing manual pages and their
links.

It has a single target:

	maninstall:
		Install the manual pages and their links.

It sets/uses the following variables:

MANDIR		Base path for manual installation.

MANGRP		Manual group.

MANOWN		Manual owner.

MANMODE		Manual mode.

MANSUBDIR	Subdirectory under the manual page section, i.e. "vax"
		or "tahoe" for machine specific manual pages.

MAN		The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).

MLINKS		List of manual page links (using a .1 - .9 suffix).  The
		linked-to file must come first, the linked file second,
		and there may be multiple pairs.  The files are soft-linked.

BEFOREMAN	List of extra targets that must be already built before the 
		man target can be run. Those targets must be real files (and
		not .PHONY targets).

The include file <bsd.man.mk> includes a file named "../Makefile.inc" if
it exists.

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The include file <bsd.own.mk> contains source tree configuration parameters,
such as the owners, groups, etc. for both manual pages and binaries, and
a few global "feature configuration" parameters.

It has no targets.

To get system-specific configuration parameters, bsd.own.mk will try to
include the file specified by the "MAKECONF" variable.  If MAKECONF is not
set, or no such file exists, the system make configuration file, /etc/mk.conf
is included.  These files may define any of the variables described below.

bsd.own.mk sets the following variables, if they are not already defined
(defaults are in brackets):

BSDSRCDIR	The real path to the system sources, so that 'make obj'
		will work correctly. [/usr/src]

BSDOBJDIR	The real path to the system 'obj' tree, so that 'make obj'
		will work correctly. [/usr/obj]

BINGRP		Binary group. [bin]

BINOWN		Binary owner. [root]

BINMODE		Binary mode. [555]

NONBINMODE	Mode for non-executable files. [444]

DIRMODE		Mode for new directories. [755]

MANDIR		Base path for manual installation. [/usr/share/man/man]

MANGRP		Manual group. [bin]

MANOWN		Manual owner. [root]

MANMODE		Manual mode. [${NONBINMODE}]

LIBDIR		Base path for library installation. [/usr/lib]

LIBGRP		Library group. [${BINGRP}]

LIBOWN		Library owner. [${BINOWN}]

LIBMODE		Library mode. [${NONBINMODE}]

DOCDIR		Base path for system documentation
	        installation. [/usr/share/doc]

DOCGRP		Documentation group. [bin]

DOCOWN		Documentation owner. [root]

DOCMODE		Documentation mode. [${NONBINMODE}]

NLSDIR		Base path for National Language Support files installation.
		[/usr/share/nls]

NLSGRP		National Language Support files group. [bin]

NLSOWN		National Language Support files owner. [root]

NLSMODE		National Language Support files mode. [${NONBINMODE}]

INSTALL_STRIP	The flag passed to the install program to cause the binary
		to be stripped.  This is to be used when building your
		own install script so that the entire system can be made
		stripped/not-stripped using a single knob.  Note that
		INSTALL_STRIP is not set if ${DEBUG} is defined. [-s]

INSTALL_COPY	The old usage of this flag is obsolescent since install(1)
		now copies by default.  However, it can also be used to
		specify that a file not be copied unless it is different
		(via the -p option).  See install(1) for details.  This
		is to be used when building our own install script so
		that the entire system can either be installed with copies,
		or copy-if-different using a single knob. [-c]

Additionally, the following variables may be set by bsd.own.mk or in a
make configuration file to modify the behaviour of the system build
process (default values are in brackets along with comments, if set by
bsd.own.mk):

SKEY		Compile in support for S/key authentication. [yes, set
		unconditionally]

KERBEROS5	Compile in support for Kerberos 5 authentication.

SYS_INCLUDE	Copy or symlink kernel include files into /usr/include.
		Possible values are "symlinks" or "copies" (which is
		the same as the variable being unset).

NOPROFILE	Do not build profiled versions of system libraries.

NOPIC		Do not build PIC versions of system libraries, and
		do not build shared libraries.

NOPIE		Do not build PIE objects or executables.

DEBUG		Add -g to assembly, C compiler and linking passes.  Also
		doesn't	set STRIP to -s per default if defined.

DEBUGLIBS	Create libraries with -g debug information, and install
		them in /usr/lib/debug.

WARNINGS	Adds appropriate warning flags (defined in CDIAGFLAGS,
		e.g., -Wall...) to compiles. [no]

SUDO		Command to run when doing "make install" portion of
		"make build".  If set to sudo, this allows one to run
		"make build" as a user other than root (assuming sudo
		is setup for that user).

PIPE		If set to "-pipe" gcc will be given the -pipe option
		which can speed up compiles on machines with memory
		to spare.  Instead of using temp files, gcc uses pipes
		for the temporary data.

GLOBAL_AUTOCONF_CACHE
		Set to the name of a file that all cached GNU autoconf
		test results will be saved in.	Reduces redundant tests.
		Be careful!  Redundant tests may not be redundant if you
		are installing substantially updated gnu programs.

bsd.own.mk is generally useful when building your own Makefiles so that
they use the same default owners etc. as the rest of the tree.

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The include file <bsd.prog.mk> handles building programs from one or
more source files, along with their manual pages.  It has a limited number
of suffixes, consistent with the current needs of the BSD tree.

It has eight targets:

	all:
		build the program and its manual page
	clean:
		remove the program, any object files and the files a.out,
		Errs, errs, mklog, and core.
	cleandir:
		remove all of the files removed by the target clean, as
		well as .depend, tags, and any manual pages.
	depend:
		make the dependencies for the source files, and store
		them in the file .depend.
	includes:
		install any header files.
	install:
		install the program and its manual pages; if the Makefile
		does not itself define the target install, the targets
		beforeinstall and afterinstall may also be used to cause
		actions immediately before and after the install target
		is executed.
	tags:
		create a tags file for the source files.

It sets/uses the following variables:

BINGRP		Binary group.

BINOWN		Binary owner.

BINMODE		Binary mode.

CLEANFILES	Additional files to remove for the clean and cleandir targets.

COPTS		Additional flags to the compiler when creating C objects.

LDADD		Additional loader objects.  Usually used for libraries.
		For example, to load with the compatibility and utility
		libraries, use:

			LDADD+=-lutil -lcompat

LDFLAGS		Additional loader flags.

LINKS		The list of binary links; should be full pathnames, the
		linked-to file coming first, followed by the linked
		file.  The files are hard-linked.  For example, to link
		/bin/test and /bin/[, use:

			LINKS=	${DESTDIR}/bin/test ${DESTDIR}/bin/[

MAN		Manual pages (should end in .1 - .9).  If no MAN variable is
		defined, "MAN=${PROG}.1" is assumed.

PROG		The name of the program to build.  If not supplied, nothing
		is built.

SRCS		List of source files to build the program.  If it's not
		defined, it's assumed to be ${PROG}.c.

DPADD		Additional dependencies for the program.  Usually used for
		libraries.  For example, to depend on the compatibility and
		utility libraries use:

			DPADD+=${LIBCOMPAT} ${LIBUTIL}

		The following libraries are predefined for DPADD:

			LIBASN1		/usr/lib/libasn1.a
			LIBC		/usr/lib/libc.a
			LIBCOM_ERR	/usr/lib/libcom_err.a
			LIBCOMPAT	/usr/lib/libcompat.a
			LIBCRYPTO	/usr/lib/libcrypto.a
			LIBCURSES	/usr/lib/libcurses.a
			LIBEDIT		/usr/lib/libedit.a
			LIBEVENT	/usr/lib/libevent.a
			LIBEXPAT	/usr/lib/libexpat.a
			LIBFORM		/usr/lib/libform.a
			LIBFORMW	/usr/lib/libformw.a
			LIBGSSAPI	/usr/lib/libgssapi.a
			LIBHDB		/usr/lib/libhdb.a
			LIBKADM5CLNT	/usr/lib/libkadm5clnt.a
			LIBKADM5SRV	/usr/lib/libkadm5srv.a
			LIBKAFS		/usr/lib/libkafs.a
			LIBKEYNOTE	/usr/lib/libkeynote.a
			LIBKRB5		/usr/lib/libkrb5.a
			LIBKVM		/usr/lib/libkvm.a
			LIBL		/usr/lib/libl.a
			LIBM		/usr/lib/libm.a
			LIBMENU		/usr/lib/libmenu.a
			LIBMENUW	/usr/lib/libmenuw.a
			LIBOLDCURSES	/usr/lib/libocurses.a
			LIBOSSAUDIO	/usr/lib/libossaudio.a
			LIBPANEL	/usr/lib/libpanel.a
			LIBPANELW	/usr/lib/libpanelw.a
			LIBPCAP		/usr/lib/libpcap.a
			LIBPERL		/usr/lib/libperl.a
			LIBPTHREAD	/usr/lib/libpthread.a
			LIBRPCSVC	/usr/lib/librpcsvc.a
			LIBSKEY		/usr/lib/libskey.a
			LIBSNDIO	/usr/lib/libsndio.a
			LIBSSL		/usr/lib/libssl.a
			LIBTERMCAP	/usr/lib/libtermcap.a
			LIBTERMLIB	/usr/lib/libtermlib.a
			LIBUSB		/usr/lib/libusbhid.a
			LIBUTIL		/usr/lib/libutil.a
			LIBWRAP		/usr/lib/libwrap.a
			LIBY		/usr/lib/liby.a
			LIBZ		/usr/lib/libz.a
			LIBARCH		arch-dependent stuff

STRIP		The flag passed to the install program to cause the binary
		to be stripped.

SUBDIR		A list of subdirectories that should be built as well.
		Each of the targets will execute the same target in the
		subdirectories.

The include file <bsd.prog.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.

Some simple examples:

To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.1, use:

	PROG=	foo

	.include <bsd.prog.mk>

To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.2, add the line:

	MAN=	foo.2

If foo does not have a manual page at all, add the line:

	NOMAN=	noman

If foo has multiple source files, add the line:

	SRCS=	a.c b.c c.c d.c

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The include file <bsd.subdir.mk> contains the default targets for building
subdirectories.  It has the same eight targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, 
clean, cleandir, depend, includes, install, and tags.  For all of
the directories listed in the variable SUBDIR, the specified directory 
will be visited and the target made.  There is also a default target which
allows the command "make subdir" where subdir is any directory listed in
the variable SUBDIR.

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The include file <bsd.sys.mk> is used by <bsd.prog.mk> and
<bsd.lib.mk>.  It contains overrides that are used when building
the OpenBSD source tree.  For instance, if "PARALLEL" is defined by
the program/library Makefile, it includes a set of rules for lex and
yacc that allow multiple lex and yacc targets to be built in parallel.

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The include file <bsd.lib.mk> has support for building libraries.  It has
the same eight targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean, cleandir, depend,
includes, install, and tags.  It has a limited number of suffixes,
consistent with the current needs of the BSD tree.

It sets/uses the following variables:

LIB		The name of the library to build.

LIBDIR		Target directory for libraries.

LIBGRP		Library group.

LIBOWN		Library owner.

LIBMODE		Library mode.

LDADD		Additional loader objects.

MAN		The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).

SRCS		List of source files to build the library.  Suffix types
		.s, .c, and .f are supported.  Note, .s files are preferred
		to .c files of the same name.  (This is not the default for
		versions of make.)

The include file <bsd.lib.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.

It has rules for building profiled objects; profiled libraries are
built by default.

Libraries are ranlib'd when made.

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The include file <bsd.lkm.mk> has support for building the LKM's. It has
the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean, cleandir, depend,
install, and tags. In addition two targets are made available
that is specific to the LKM's: load, unload.

It sets/uses the following variables (in addition to the <bsd.prog.mk>'s):

LKM		LKM name to build.

LKMGRP		Module group.

LKMOWN		Module owner.

LKMMODE		Module mode.

POSTINSTALL	Program to pass with '-p' flag to the modload.
		If not defined,
			POSTINSTALL=${LKM}install
		is assumed.

The include file <bsd.lkm.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.