cpl_json.cpp

/******************************************************************************
 * Project:  Common Portability Library
 * Purpose:  Function wrapper for libjson-c access.
 * Author:   Dmitry Baryshnikov, dmitry.baryshnikov@nextgis.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 NextGIS, <info@nextgis.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "cpl_json.h"

#include "cpl_error.h"
#include "cpl_json_header.h"
#include "cpl_vsi.h"

#include "cpl_http.h"
#include "cpl_multiproc.h"

#define TO_JSONOBJ(x) static_cast<json_object *>(x)

static const char *JSON_PATH_DELIMITER = "/";

static const char *INVALID_OBJ_KEY = "__INVALID_OBJ_KEY__";

#define JSON_C_VER_014 (14 << 8)

// json_object_new_uint64() was added in libjson-c 0.14
#if (!defined(JSON_C_VERSION_NUM)) || (JSON_C_VERSION_NUM < JSON_C_VER_014)

static int CPLJSON_json_object_new_uint64_formatter(struct json_object *jso,
                                                    struct printbuf *pb,
                                                    int /* level */,
                                                    int /* flags */)
{
    const char *pszStr = json_object_get_string(jso);
    return printbuf_memappend(pb, pszStr, static_cast<int>(strlen(pszStr)));
}

static json_object *CPLJSON_json_object_new_uint64(uint64_t nVal)
{
    json_object *jso = json_object_new_string(
        CPLSPrintf(CPL_FRMT_GUIB, static_cast<GUIntBig>(nVal)));
    json_object_set_serializer(jso, CPLJSON_json_object_new_uint64_formatter,
                               nullptr, nullptr);
    return jso;
}

#define json_object_new_uint64 CPLJSON_json_object_new_uint64

#endif

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// JSONDocument
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*! @cond Doxygen_Suppress */
CPLJSONDocument::CPLJSONDocument() : m_poRootJsonObject(nullptr)
{
}

CPLJSONDocument::~CPLJSONDocument()
{
    if (m_poRootJsonObject)
        json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject));
}

CPLJSONDocument::CPLJSONDocument(const CPLJSONDocument &other)
    : m_poRootJsonObject(json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(other.m_poRootJsonObject)))
{
}

CPLJSONDocument &CPLJSONDocument::operator=(const CPLJSONDocument &other)
{
    if (this == &other)
        return *this;

    if (m_poRootJsonObject)
        json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject));
    m_poRootJsonObject = json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(other.m_poRootJsonObject));

    return *this;
}

CPLJSONDocument::CPLJSONDocument(CPLJSONDocument &&other)
    : m_poRootJsonObject(other.m_poRootJsonObject)
{
    other.m_poRootJsonObject = nullptr;
}

CPLJSONDocument &CPLJSONDocument::operator=(CPLJSONDocument &&other)
{
    if (this == &other)
        return *this;

    if (m_poRootJsonObject)
        json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject));
    m_poRootJsonObject = other.m_poRootJsonObject;
    other.m_poRootJsonObject = nullptr;

    return *this;
}

/*! @endcond */

/**
 * Save json document at specified path
 * @param  osPath Path to save json document
 * @return         true on success. If error occurred it can be received using
 * CPLGetLastErrorMsg method.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
bool CPLJSONDocument::Save(const std::string &osPath) const
{
    VSILFILE *fp = VSIFOpenL(osPath.c_str(), "wt");
    if (nullptr == fp)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NoWriteAccess, "Open file %s to write failed",
                 osPath.c_str());
        return false;
    }

    const char *pabyData = json_object_to_json_string_ext(
        TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject), JSON_C_TO_STRING_PRETTY);
    VSIFWriteL(pabyData, 1, strlen(pabyData), fp);

    VSIFCloseL(fp);

    return true;
}

/**
 * Return the json document as a serialized string.
 * @return         serialized document.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
std::string CPLJSONDocument::SaveAsString() const
{
    return json_object_to_json_string_ext(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject),
                                          JSON_C_TO_STRING_PRETTY);
}

/**
 * Get json document root object
 * @return CPLJSONObject class instance
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.1
 */
const CPLJSONObject CPLJSONDocument::GetRoot() const
{
    return const_cast<CPLJSONDocument *>(this)->GetRoot();
}

/**
 * Get json document root object
 * @return CPLJSONObject class instance
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
CPLJSONObject CPLJSONDocument::GetRoot()
{
    if (nullptr == m_poRootJsonObject)
    {
        m_poRootJsonObject = json_object_new_object();
    }

    if (json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject)) == json_type_array)
    {
        return CPLJSONArray("", m_poRootJsonObject);
    }
    else
    {
        return CPLJSONObject("", m_poRootJsonObject);
    }
}

/**
 * Set json document root object
 * @param oRoot CPLJSONObject root object
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.4
 */
void CPLJSONDocument::SetRoot(const CPLJSONObject &oRoot)
{
    if (m_poRootJsonObject)
        json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject));
    m_poRootJsonObject = json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(oRoot.m_poJsonObject));
}

/**
 * Load json document from file by provided path
 * @param  osPath Path to json file.
 * @return         true on success. If error occurred it can be received using
 * CPLGetLastErrorMsg method.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
bool CPLJSONDocument::Load(const std::string &osPath)
{
    GByte *pabyOut = nullptr;
    vsi_l_offset nSize = 0;

    GIntBig nMaxSize = 0;
    if (CPLParseMemorySize(CPLGetConfigOption("CPL_JSON_MAX_SIZE", "100MB"),
                           &nMaxSize, nullptr) != CE_None ||
        nMaxSize <= 0)
        return false;

    if (!VSIIngestFile(nullptr, osPath.c_str(), &pabyOut, &nSize, nMaxSize))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO, "Load json file %s failed",
                 osPath.c_str());
        return false;
    }

    bool bResult = LoadMemory(pabyOut, static_cast<int>(nSize));
    VSIFree(pabyOut);
    return bResult;
}

/**
 * Load json document from memory buffer.
 * @param  pabyData Buffer.data.
 * @param  nLength  Buffer size.
 * @return          true on success. If error occurred it can be received using
 * CPLGetLastErrorMsg method.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
bool CPLJSONDocument::LoadMemory(const GByte *pabyData, int nLength)
{
    if (nullptr == pabyData)
    {
        return false;
    }

    if (m_poRootJsonObject)
        json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject));

    if (nLength == 4 &&
        memcmp(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(pabyData), "true", nLength) == 0)
    {
        m_poRootJsonObject = json_object_new_boolean(true);
        return true;
    }

    if (nLength == 5 &&
        memcmp(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(pabyData), "false", nLength) == 0)
    {
        m_poRootJsonObject = json_object_new_boolean(false);
        return true;
    }

    json_tokener *jstok = json_tokener_new();
    m_poRootJsonObject = json_tokener_parse_ex(
        jstok, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(pabyData), nLength);
    bool bParsed = jstok->err == json_tokener_success;
    if (!bParsed)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "JSON parsing error: %s (at offset %d)",
                 json_tokener_error_desc(jstok->err), jstok->char_offset);
        json_tokener_free(jstok);
        return false;
    }
    json_tokener_free(jstok);
    return bParsed;
}

/**
 * Load json document from memory buffer.
 * @param  osStr    String
 * @return          true on success. If error occurred it can be received using
 * CPLGetLastErrorMsg method.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
bool CPLJSONDocument::LoadMemory(const std::string &osStr)
{
    if (osStr.empty())
        return false;
    return LoadMemory(reinterpret_cast<const GByte *>(osStr.data()),
                      static_cast<int>(osStr.size()));
}

/**
 * Load json document from file using small chunks of data.
 * @param  osPath      Path to json document file.
 * @param  nChunkSize   Chunk size.
 * @param  pfnProgress  a function to report progress of the json data loading.
 * @param  pProgressArg application data passed into progress function.
 * @return              true on success. If error occurred it can be received
 * using CPLGetLastErrorMsg method.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
bool CPLJSONDocument::LoadChunks(const std::string &osPath, size_t nChunkSize,
                                 GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                                 void *pProgressArg)
{
    VSIStatBufL sStatBuf;
    if (VSIStatL(osPath.c_str(), &sStatBuf) != 0)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO, "Cannot open %s", osPath.c_str());
        return false;
    }

    VSILFILE *fp = VSIFOpenL(osPath.c_str(), "rb");
    if (fp == nullptr)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO, "Cannot open %s", osPath.c_str());
        return false;
    }

    void *pBuffer = CPLMalloc(nChunkSize);
    json_tokener *tok = json_tokener_new();
    bool bSuccess = true;
    GUInt32 nFileSize = static_cast<GUInt32>(sStatBuf.st_size);
    double dfTotalRead = 0.0;

    while (true)
    {
        size_t nRead = VSIFReadL(pBuffer, 1, nChunkSize, fp);
        dfTotalRead += nRead;

        if (m_poRootJsonObject)
            json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject));

        m_poRootJsonObject = json_tokener_parse_ex(
            tok, static_cast<const char *>(pBuffer), static_cast<int>(nRead));

        enum json_tokener_error jerr = json_tokener_get_error(tok);
        if (jerr != json_tokener_continue && jerr != json_tokener_success)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "JSON error: %s",
                     json_tokener_error_desc(jerr));
            bSuccess = false;
            break;
        }

        if (nRead < nChunkSize)
        {
            break;
        }

        if (nullptr != pfnProgress)
        {
            pfnProgress(dfTotalRead / nFileSize, "Loading ...", pProgressArg);
        }
    }

    json_tokener_free(tok);
    CPLFree(pBuffer);
    VSIFCloseL(fp);

    if (nullptr != pfnProgress)
    {
        pfnProgress(1.0, "Loading ...", pProgressArg);
    }

    return bSuccess;
}

/*! @cond Doxygen_Suppress */
#ifdef HAVE_CURL

typedef struct
{
    json_object *pObject;
    json_tokener *pTokener;
} JsonContext, *JsonContextL;

static size_t CPLJSONWriteFunction(void *pBuffer, size_t nSize, size_t nMemb,
                                   void *pUserData)
{
    size_t nLength = nSize * nMemb;
    JsonContextL ctx = static_cast<JsonContextL>(pUserData);
    if (ctx->pObject != nullptr)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "A complete JSon object had already been parsed before new "
                 "content is appended to it");
        return 0;
    }
    ctx->pObject =
        json_tokener_parse_ex(ctx->pTokener, static_cast<const char *>(pBuffer),
                              static_cast<int>(nLength));
    switch (json_tokener_get_error(ctx->pTokener))
    {
        case json_tokener_continue:
        case json_tokener_success:
            return nLength;
        default:
            return 0; /* error: interrupt the transfer */
    }
}

#endif  // HAVE_CURL
/*! @endcond */

/**
 * Load json document from web.
 * @param  osUrl       Url to json document.
 * @param  papszOptions Option list as a NULL-terminated array of strings. May
 * be NULL. The available keys are same for CPLHTTPFetch method. Additional key
 * JSON_DEPTH define json parse depth. Default is 10.
 * @param  pfnProgress  a function to report progress of the json data loading.
 * @param  pProgressArg application data passed into progress function.
 * @return              true on success. If error occurred it can be received
 * using CPLGetLastErrorMsg method.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CURL
bool CPLJSONDocument::LoadUrl(const std::string &osUrl,
                              const char *const *papszOptions,
                              GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)
#else
bool CPLJSONDocument::LoadUrl(const std::string & /*osUrl*/,
                              const char *const * /*papszOptions*/,
                              GDALProgressFunc /*pfnProgress*/,
                              void * /*pProgressArg*/)
#endif  // HAVE_CURL
{
#ifdef HAVE_CURL
    int nDepth =
        atoi(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "JSON_DEPTH",
                                  "32"));  // Same as JSON_TOKENER_DEFAULT_DEPTH
    JsonContext ctx = {nullptr, json_tokener_new_ex(nDepth)};

    CPLHTTPFetchWriteFunc pWriteFunc = CPLJSONWriteFunction;
    CPLHTTPResult *psResult =
        CPLHTTPFetchEx(osUrl.c_str(), papszOptions, pfnProgress, pProgressArg,
                       pWriteFunc, &ctx);

    bool bResult =
        psResult->nStatus == 0 /*CURLE_OK*/ && psResult->pszErrBuf == nullptr;

    CPLHTTPDestroyResult(psResult);

    enum json_tokener_error jerr;
    if ((jerr = json_tokener_get_error(ctx.pTokener)) != json_tokener_success)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "JSON error: %s\n",
                 json_tokener_error_desc(jerr));
        bResult = false;
    }
    else
    {
        if (m_poRootJsonObject)
            json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poRootJsonObject));

        m_poRootJsonObject = ctx.pObject;
    }
    json_tokener_free(ctx.pTokener);

    return bResult;
#else
    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "LoadUrl() not supported in a build without Curl");
    return false;
#endif
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// JSONObject
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*! @cond Doxygen_Suppress */
CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject() : m_poJsonObject(json_object_new_object())
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(std::nullptr_t) : m_poJsonObject(nullptr)
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(const std::string &osVal)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_new_string(osVal.c_str()))
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(const char *pszValue)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_new_string(pszValue))
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(bool bVal)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_new_boolean(bVal))
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(int nVal)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_new_int(nVal))
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(int64_t nVal)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_new_int64(nVal))
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(uint64_t nVal)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_new_uint64(nVal))
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(double dfVal)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_new_double(dfVal))
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(const std::string &osName,
                             const CPLJSONObject &oParent)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_get(json_object_new_object())), m_osKey(osName)
{
    json_object_object_add(TO_JSONOBJ(oParent.m_poJsonObject), osName.c_str(),
                           TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(const std::string &osName,
                             JSONObjectH poJsonObject)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(poJsonObject))), m_osKey(osName)
{
}

CPLJSONObject CPLJSONObject::Clone() const
{
    CPLJSONObject oRet;
    if (IsValid())
    {
        CPLJSONDocument oTmpDoc;
        oTmpDoc.SetRoot(*this);
        std::string osStr = oTmpDoc.SaveAsString();
        CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(oTmpDoc.LoadMemory(osStr));
        oRet = oTmpDoc.GetRoot();
    }
    return oRet;
}

CPLJSONObject::~CPLJSONObject()
{
    // Should delete m_poJsonObject only if CPLJSONObject has no parent
    if (m_poJsonObject)
    {
        json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
        m_poJsonObject = nullptr;
    }
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(const CPLJSONObject &other)
    : m_poJsonObject(json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(other.m_poJsonObject))),
      m_osKey(other.m_osKey)
{
}

CPLJSONObject::CPLJSONObject(CPLJSONObject &&other)
    : m_poJsonObject(other.m_poJsonObject), m_osKey(std::move(other.m_osKey))
{
    other.m_poJsonObject = nullptr;
}

CPLJSONObject &CPLJSONObject::operator=(const CPLJSONObject &other)
{
    if (this == &other)
        return *this;

    m_osKey = other.m_osKey;
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
    m_poJsonObject = json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(other.m_poJsonObject));
    return *this;
}

CPLJSONObject &CPLJSONObject::operator=(CPLJSONObject &&other)
{
    if (this == &other)
        return *this;

    m_osKey = std::move(other.m_osKey);
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
    m_poJsonObject = other.m_poJsonObject;
    other.m_poJsonObject = nullptr;
    return *this;
}

/*! @endcond */

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName Key name.
 * @param osValue String value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Add(const std::string &osName, const std::string &osValue)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object *poVal = json_object_new_string(osValue.c_str());
        json_object_object_add(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                               objectName.c_str(), poVal);
    }
}

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName Key name.
 * @param pszValue String value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Add(const std::string &osName, const char *pszValue)
{
    if (nullptr == pszValue)
    {
        return;
    }
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    std::string objectName;
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object *poVal = json_object_new_string(pszValue);
        json_object_object_add(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                               objectName.c_str(), poVal);
    }
}

// defined in ogr/ogrsf_frmts/geojson/ogrgeojsonwriter.cpp
CPL_C_START
/* %.XXXg formatting */
json_object CPL_DLL *
json_object_new_double_with_significant_figures(double dfVal,
                                                int nSignificantFigures);
CPL_C_END

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param dfValue Double value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Add(const std::string &osName, double dfValue)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object *poVal =
            json_object_new_double_with_significant_figures(dfValue, -1);
        json_object_object_add(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                               objectName.c_str(), poVal);
    }
}

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param nValue Integer value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Add(const std::string &osName, int nValue)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object *poVal = json_object_new_int(nValue);
        json_object_object_add(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                               objectName.c_str(), poVal);
    }
}

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param nValue Long value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Add(const std::string &osName, GInt64 nValue)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object *poVal =
            json_object_new_int64(static_cast<int64_t>(nValue));
        json_object_object_add(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                               objectName.c_str(), poVal);
    }
}

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param nValue uint64_t value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.8
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Add(const std::string &osName, uint64_t nValue)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object *poVal = json_object_new_uint64(nValue);
        json_object_object_add(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                               objectName.c_str(), poVal);
    }
}

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param oValue   Array value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Add(const std::string &osName, const CPLJSONArray &oValue)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object_object_add(
            TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()), objectName.c_str(),
            json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(oValue.GetInternalHandle())));
    }
}

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param oValue   Json object value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Add(const std::string &osName, const CPLJSONObject &oValue)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    if (osName.empty())
    {
        json_object_object_add(
            TO_JSONOBJ(GetInternalHandle()), "",
            json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(oValue.GetInternalHandle())));
        return;
    }
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object_object_add(
            TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()), objectName.c_str(),
            json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(oValue.GetInternalHandle())));
    }
}

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName  Key name (do not split it on '/')
 * @param oValue   Json object value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.2
 */
void CPLJSONObject::AddNoSplitName(const std::string &osName,
                                   const CPLJSONObject &oValue)
{
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    if (IsValid() &&
        json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object_object_add(
            TO_JSONOBJ(GetInternalHandle()), osName.c_str(),
            json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(oValue.GetInternalHandle())));
    }
}

/**
 * Add new key - value pair to json object.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param bValue   Boolean value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Add(const std::string &osName, bool bValue)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object *poVal = json_object_new_boolean(bValue);
        json_object_object_add(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                               objectName.c_str(), poVal);
    }
}

/**
 * Add new key - null pair to json object.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::AddNull(const std::string &osName)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid() && json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(
                                object.m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_object)
    {
        json_object_object_add(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                               objectName.c_str(), nullptr);
    }
}

/**
 * Change value by key.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param osValue String value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Set(const std::string &osName, const std::string &osValue)
{
    Delete(osName);
    Add(osName, osValue);
}

/**
 * Change value by key.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param pszValue String value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Set(const std::string &osName, const char *pszValue)
{
    if (nullptr == pszValue)
        return;
    Delete(osName);
    Add(osName, pszValue);
}

/**
 * Change value by key.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param dfValue  Double value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Set(const std::string &osName, double dfValue)
{
    Delete(osName);
    Add(osName, dfValue);
}

/**
 * Change value by key.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param nValue   Integer value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Set(const std::string &osName, int nValue)
{
    Delete(osName);
    Add(osName, nValue);
}

/**
 * Change value by key.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param nValue   Long value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Set(const std::string &osName, GInt64 nValue)
{
    Delete(osName);
    Add(osName, nValue);
}

/**
 * Change value by key.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param nValue   uint64_t value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.8
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Set(const std::string &osName, uint64_t nValue)
{
    Delete(osName);
    Add(osName, nValue);
}

/**
 * Change value by key.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 * @param bValue   Boolean value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Set(const std::string &osName, bool bValue)
{
    Delete(osName);
    Add(osName, bValue);
}

/**
 * Change value by key.
 * @param osName  Key name.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::SetNull(const std::string &osName)
{
    Delete(osName);
    AddNull(osName);
}

/**
 * Get value by key.
 * @param  osName Key name.
 * @return         Json array object.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
CPLJSONArray CPLJSONObject::GetArray(const std::string &osName) const
{
    std::string objectName;
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid())
    {
        json_object *poVal = nullptr;
        if (json_object_object_get_ex(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                                      objectName.c_str(), &poVal))
        {
            if (poVal && json_object_get_type(poVal) == json_type_array)
            {
                return CPLJSONArray(objectName, poVal);
            }
        }
    }
    return CPLJSONArray(INVALID_OBJ_KEY, nullptr);
}

/**
 * Get value by key.
 * @param  osName Key name.
 * @return         Json object.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
CPLJSONObject CPLJSONObject::GetObj(const std::string &osName) const
{
    std::string objectName;
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid())
    {
        json_object *poVal = nullptr;
        if (json_object_object_get_ex(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                                      objectName.c_str(), &poVal))
        {
            return CPLJSONObject(objectName, poVal);
        }
    }
    return CPLJSONObject(INVALID_OBJ_KEY, nullptr);
}

/**
 * Get value by key.
 * @param  osName Key name.
 * @return         Json object.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
CPLJSONObject CPLJSONObject::operator[](const std::string &osName) const
{
    return GetObj(osName);
}

/**
 * Delete json object by key.
 * @param  osName Key name.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Delete(const std::string &osName)
{
    std::string objectName;
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObjectByPath(osName, objectName);
    if (object.IsValid())
    {
        json_object_object_del(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                               objectName.c_str());
    }
}

/**
 * Delete json object by key (without splitting on /)
 * @param  osName Key name.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.4
 */
void CPLJSONObject::DeleteNoSplitName(const std::string &osName)
{
    if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
        m_osKey.clear();
    if (m_poJsonObject)
    {
        json_object_object_del(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject), osName.c_str());
    }
}

/**
 * Get value by key.
 * @param  osName    Key name.
 * @param  osDefault Default value.
 * @return            String value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
std::string CPLJSONObject::GetString(const std::string &osName,
                                     const std::string &osDefault) const
{
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObj(osName);
    return object.ToString(osDefault);
}

/**
 * Get value.
 * @param  osDefault Default value.
 * @return            String value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
std::string CPLJSONObject::ToString(const std::string &osDefault) const
{
    if( m_poJsonObject /*&& json_object_get_type( TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject) ) ==
            json_type_string*/ )
    {
        const char *pszString =
            json_object_get_string(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
        if (nullptr != pszString)
        {
            return pszString;
        }
    }
    return osDefault;
}

/**
 * Get value by key.
 * @param  osName    Key name.
 * @param  dfDefault  Default value.
 * @return            Double value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
double CPLJSONObject::GetDouble(const std::string &osName,
                                double dfDefault) const
{
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObj(osName);
    return object.ToDouble(dfDefault);
}

/**
 * Get value
 * @param  dfDefault  Default value.
 * @return            Double value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
double CPLJSONObject::ToDouble(double dfDefault) const
{
    if( m_poJsonObject /*&& json_object_get_type( TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject) ) ==
            json_type_double*/ )
        return json_object_get_double(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
    return dfDefault;
}

/**
 * Get value by key.
 * @param  osName    Key name.
 * @param  nDefault   Default value.
 * @return            Integer value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
int CPLJSONObject::GetInteger(const std::string &osName, int nDefault) const
{
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObj(osName);
    return object.ToInteger(nDefault);
}

/**
 * Get value.
 * @param  nDefault   Default value.
 * @return            Integer value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
int CPLJSONObject::ToInteger(int nDefault) const
{
    if( m_poJsonObject /*&& json_object_get_type( TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject) ) ==
            json_type_int*/ )
        return json_object_get_int(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
    return nDefault;
}

/**
 * Get value by key.
 * @param  osName    Key name.
 * @param  nDefault   Default value.
 * @return            Long value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
GInt64 CPLJSONObject::GetLong(const std::string &osName, GInt64 nDefault) const
{
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObj(osName);
    return object.ToLong(nDefault);
}

/**
 * Get value.
 * @param  nDefault   Default value.
 * @return            Long value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
GInt64 CPLJSONObject::ToLong(GInt64 nDefault) const
{
    if( m_poJsonObject /*&& json_object_get_type( TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject) ) ==
            json_type_int*/ )
        return static_cast<GInt64>(
            json_object_get_int64(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject)));
    return nDefault;
}

/**
 * Get value by key.
 * @param  osName    Key name.
 * @param  bDefault   Default value.
 * @return            Boolean value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
bool CPLJSONObject::GetBool(const std::string &osName, bool bDefault) const
{
    CPLJSONObject object = GetObj(osName);
    return object.ToBool(bDefault);
}

/**
 * \brief Get json object children.
 *
 * This function is useful when keys is not know and need to
 * iterate over json object items and get keys and values.
 *
 * @return Array of CPLJSONObject class instance.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
std::vector<CPLJSONObject> CPLJSONObject::GetChildren() const
{
    std::vector<CPLJSONObject> aoChildren;
    if (nullptr == m_poJsonObject ||
        json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject)) != json_type_object)
    {
        return aoChildren;
    }

    json_object_iter it;
    it.key = nullptr;
    it.val = nullptr;
    it.entry = nullptr;
    // cppcheck-suppress cstyleCast
    json_object_object_foreachC(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject), it)
    {
        aoChildren.push_back(CPLJSONObject(it.key, it.val));
    }

    return aoChildren;
}

/**
 * Get value.
 * @param  bDefault   Default value.
 * @return            Boolean value.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
bool CPLJSONObject::ToBool(bool bDefault) const
{
    if( m_poJsonObject /*&& json_object_get_type( TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject) ) ==
            json_type_boolean*/ )
        return json_object_get_boolean(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject)) == 1;
    return bDefault;
}

/**
 * Get value.
 * @return            Array
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
CPLJSONArray CPLJSONObject::ToArray() const
{
    if (m_poJsonObject &&
        json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject)) == json_type_array)
        return CPLJSONArray("", TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
    return CPLJSONArray(INVALID_OBJ_KEY, nullptr);
}

/**
 * Stringify object to json format.
 * @param  eFormat Format type,
 * @return         A string in JSON format.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
std::string CPLJSONObject::Format(PrettyFormat eFormat) const
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
    {
        const char *pszFormatString = nullptr;
        switch (eFormat)
        {
            case PrettyFormat::Spaced:
                pszFormatString = json_object_to_json_string_ext(
                    TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject), JSON_C_TO_STRING_SPACED);
                break;
            case PrettyFormat::Pretty:
                pszFormatString = json_object_to_json_string_ext(
                    TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject), JSON_C_TO_STRING_PRETTY);
                break;
            default:
                pszFormatString = json_object_to_json_string_ext(
                    TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject), JSON_C_TO_STRING_PLAIN);
        }
        if (nullptr != pszFormatString)
        {
            return pszFormatString;
        }
    }
    return "";
}

/*! @cond Doxygen_Suppress */
CPLJSONObject CPLJSONObject::GetObjectByPath(const std::string &osPath,
                                             std::string &osName) const
{
    json_object *poVal = nullptr;

    // Typically for keys that contain / character
    if (json_object_object_get_ex(TO_JSONOBJ(GetInternalHandle()),
                                  osPath.c_str(), &poVal))
    {
        osName = osPath;
        return *this;
    }

    CPLStringList pathPortions(
        CSLTokenizeString2(osPath.c_str(), JSON_PATH_DELIMITER, 0));
    int portionsCount = pathPortions.size();
    if (portionsCount > 100)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Too many components in path");
        return CPLJSONObject(INVALID_OBJ_KEY, nullptr);
    }
    if (0 == portionsCount)
        return CPLJSONObject(INVALID_OBJ_KEY, nullptr);
    CPLJSONObject object = *this;
    for (int i = 0; i < portionsCount - 1; ++i)
    {
        // TODO: check array index in path - i.e.
        // settings/catalog/root/id:1/name if EQUALN(pathPortions[i+1], "id:",
        // 3) -> getArray
        if (json_object_object_get_ex(TO_JSONOBJ(object.GetInternalHandle()),
                                      pathPortions[i], &poVal))
        {
            object = CPLJSONObject(pathPortions[i], poVal);
        }
        else
        {
            if (json_object_get_type(TO_JSONOBJ(object.m_poJsonObject)) !=
                json_type_object)
            {
                return CPLJSONObject(INVALID_OBJ_KEY, nullptr);
            }
            object = CPLJSONObject(pathPortions[i], object);
        }
    }

    //    // Check if such object already  exists
    //    if(json_object_object_get_ex(object.m_jsonObject,
    //                                 pathPortions[portionsCount - 1], &poVal))
    //        return JSONObject(nullptr);
    //
    osName = pathPortions[portionsCount - 1];
    return object;
}

/*! @endcond */

/**
 * Get json object type.
 * @return Json object type.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
CPLJSONObject::Type CPLJSONObject::GetType() const
{
    if (nullptr == m_poJsonObject)
    {
        if (m_osKey == INVALID_OBJ_KEY)
            return CPLJSONObject::Type::Unknown;
        return CPLJSONObject::Type::Null;
    }
    auto jsonObj(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
    switch (json_object_get_type(jsonObj))
    {
        case json_type_boolean:
            return CPLJSONObject::Type::Boolean;
        case json_type_double:
            return CPLJSONObject::Type::Double;
        case json_type_int:
        {
            if (CPL_INT64_FITS_ON_INT32(json_object_get_int64(jsonObj)))
                return CPLJSONObject::Type::Integer;
            else
                return CPLJSONObject::Type::Long;
        }
        case json_type_object:
            return CPLJSONObject::Type::Object;
        case json_type_array:
            return CPLJSONObject::Type::Array;
        case json_type_string:
            return CPLJSONObject::Type::String;
        default:
            break;
    }
    return CPLJSONObject::Type::Unknown;
}

/**
 * Check if json object valid.
 * @return true if json object valid.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
bool CPLJSONObject::IsValid() const
{
    return m_osKey != INVALID_OBJ_KEY;
}

/**
 * Decrement reference counter and make pointer NULL.
 * A json object will become invalid.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONObject::Deinit()
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
    {
        json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
        m_poJsonObject = nullptr;
    }
    m_osKey = INVALID_OBJ_KEY;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// JSONArray
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*! @cond Doxygen_Suppress */
CPLJSONArray::CPLJSONArray()
{
    json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
    m_poJsonObject = json_object_new_array();
}

CPLJSONArray::CPLJSONArray(const std::string &osName)
    : CPLJSONObject(osName, json_object_new_array())
{
    json_object_put(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject));
}

CPLJSONArray::CPLJSONArray(const std::string &osName, JSONObjectH poJsonObject)
    : CPLJSONObject(osName, poJsonObject)
{
}

CPLJSONArray::CPLJSONArray(const CPLJSONObject &other) : CPLJSONObject(other)
{
}

/*! @endcond */

/**
 * Get array size.
 * @return Array size.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
int CPLJSONArray::Size() const
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        return static_cast<int>(
            json_object_array_length(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject)));
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Add null object to array.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.8
 */
void CPLJSONArray::AddNull()
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_array_add(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject), nullptr);
}

/**
 * Add json object to array.
 * @param oValue Json array.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONArray::Add(const CPLJSONObject &oValue)
{
    if (m_poJsonObject && oValue.m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_array_add(
            TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject),
            json_object_get(TO_JSONOBJ(oValue.m_poJsonObject)));
}

/**
 * Add value to array
 * @param osValue Value to add.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONArray::Add(const std::string &osValue)
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_array_add(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject),
                              json_object_new_string(osValue.c_str()));
}

/**
 * Add value to array
 * @param pszValue Value to add.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONArray::Add(const char *pszValue)
{
    if (nullptr == pszValue)
        return;
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_array_add(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject),
                              json_object_new_string(pszValue));
}

/**
 * Add value to array
 * @param dfValue Value to add.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONArray::Add(double dfValue)
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_array_add(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject),
                              json_object_new_double(dfValue));
}

/**
 * Add value to array
 * @param nValue Value to add.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONArray::Add(int nValue)
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_array_add(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject),
                              json_object_new_int(nValue));
}

/**
 * Add value to array
 * @param nValue Value to add.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONArray::Add(GInt64 nValue)
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_array_add(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject),
                              json_object_new_int64(nValue));
}

/**
 * Add value to array
 * @param nValue Value to add.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.8
 */
void CPLJSONArray::Add(uint64_t nValue)
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
    {
        json_object_array_add(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject),
                              json_object_new_uint64(nValue));
    }
}

/**
 * Add value to array
 * @param bValue Value to add.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
void CPLJSONArray::Add(bool bValue)
{
    if (m_poJsonObject)
        json_object_array_add(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject),
                              json_object_new_boolean(bValue));
}

/**
 * Get array item by index.
 * @param  nIndex Item index.
 * @return        Json object.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
CPLJSONObject CPLJSONArray::operator[](int nIndex)
{
    return CPLJSONObject(
        CPLSPrintf("id:%d", nIndex),
        json_object_array_get_idx(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject), nIndex));
}

/**
 * Get array const item by index.
 * @param  nIndex Item index.
 * @return        Json object.
 *
 * @since GDAL 2.3
 */
const CPLJSONObject CPLJSONArray::operator[](int nIndex) const
{
    return CPLJSONObject(
        CPLSPrintf("id:%d", nIndex),
        json_object_array_get_idx(TO_JSONOBJ(m_poJsonObject), nIndex));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      CPLParseKeyValueJson()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/** Return a string list of key/value pairs extracted from a JSON doc.

    We are expecting simple documents with key:value pairs, like the
    following with no hierarchy or complex structure.
    \verbatim
    {
      "Code" : "Success",
      "LastUpdated" : "2017-07-03T16:20:17Z",
      "Type" : "AWS-HMAC",
      "AccessKeyId" : "bla",
      "SecretAccessKey" : "bla",
      "Token" : "bla",
      "Expiration" : "2017-07-03T22:42:58Z"
    }
    \endverbatim
    @since GDAL 3.7
 */
CPLStringList CPLParseKeyValueJson(const char *pszJson)
{
    CPLJSONDocument oDoc;
    CPLStringList oNameValue;
    if (pszJson != nullptr && oDoc.LoadMemory(pszJson))
    {
        for (const auto &obj : oDoc.GetRoot().GetChildren())
        {
            const auto eType = obj.GetType();
            if (eType == CPLJSONObject::Type::String ||
                eType == CPLJSONObject::Type::Integer ||
                eType == CPLJSONObject::Type::Double)
            {
                oNameValue.SetNameValue(obj.GetName().c_str(),
                                        obj.ToString().c_str());
            }
        }
    }
    return oNameValue;
}