Add VS Code devcontainer definition (#34957)

* Add devcontainer and dockerfile

* Add VS Code CPP extension

* Use Julia base image for devcontainer

* Add VS Code make task

* Fix typo

* Remove .vscode/tasks.json

Author: davidanthoff

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+FROM julia:latest
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential libatomic1 python gfortran perl wget m4 cmake pkg-config git

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+    "extensions": [
+      "julialang.language-julia",
+      "ms-vscode.cpptools"
+    ],
+  
+    "dockerFile": "Dockerfile"
+}